Synoptic Scale Factors of Significant Tornadoes in the Mid-South Thomas Salem, NWS Memphis, Heather Hyre, Miss. St. Univ., Janice Maldonado and Alina Nieves,

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Presentation transcript:

Synoptic Scale Factors of Significant Tornadoes in the Mid-South Thomas Salem, NWS Memphis, Heather Hyre, Miss. St. Univ., Janice Maldonado and Alina Nieves, Univ. of Puerto Rico Mayaguez

From Rose et. al, 2004 WAF

10 year Study of Tornadoes and Jets 97% of tornadoes associated with jets Dominate quadrant was left exit TotalEnt.Exit Left9%37% Right20%25% Outbreaks Ent.Exit Left7%44% Right16%28%

Mid-South Sig.Tornadoes (79-06) 250 mb WinterEnt.Exit Left0 %21 % Right8 %71 % SpringEnt.Exit Left2 %28 % Right35 % FallEnt.Exit Left0 %32 % Right37 %32 % EF2+Ent.Exit Left1 %27 % Right28 %44 %

ParametersSlightModerateHigh MSLP>1010 mb mb<1005 mb 2m Dewpoint<55 °F55-64 °F>65 °F Dewpoint 850mb<8 °C8-12 °C>12 °C Isotachs 850mb≤30 kts30-40 kts>40 kts Temp 700mb>11 °C8-11 °C<8 °C Isotachs 500mb≤35 kts36-49 kts>50 kts Isotachs 250mb≤65 kts66-85 kts>85 kts Wind Shear≤25 kts26-35 kts>35 kts SBCAPE<1500 J/kg J/kg>2500 J/kg 0-3 km Helicity<300 m²/s² m²/s²>450 m²/s² Lifted Index≥-2 °C-3 to -5 °C<-6 °C

ParametersHighModerateSlight MSLP48.51%30.69%20.80% 2m Dewpoint28.71%68.32%2.97% Dewpoint 850mb18.81%62.38%18.81% Isotachs 850mb50.50%31.68%17.82% Temp 700mb98.02%1.98%0.00% Isotachs 500mb77.23%15.84%6.93% Isotachs 250mb41.58%26.73%31.68% Wind Shear3.96%8.91%87.13% SBCAPE15.84%18.81%65.35% 0-3 km Helicity14.85%24.75%60.40% Lifted Index29.70%28.71%41.58%

ParametersHighModerateSlight MSLP42.31%38.46%19.23% 2m Dewpoint46.15%53.85%0.00% Dewpoint 850mb25.00%71.15%3.85% Isotachs 850mb30.77%44.23%25.00% Temp 700mb98.08%1.92%0.00% Isotachs 500mb71.15%19.23%9.62% Isotachs 250mb34.62%32.69% Wind Shear5.77%11.54%82.69% SBCAPE26.92% 46.15% 0-3 km Helicity13.46%15.38%71.15% Lifted Index50.00%21.15%28.85%

ParametersHighModerateSlight MSLP68.42%10.53%21.05% 2m Dewpoint15.79%73.68%10.53% Dewpoint 850mb15.79%84.21%0.00% Isotachs 850mb68.42%21.05%10.53% Temp 700mb100.00%0.00% Isotachs 500mb73.68%26.32%0.00% Isotachs 250mb42.12%21.05%36.84% Wind Shear0.00%5.26%94.74% SBCAPE5.26%15.79%78.95% 0-3 km Helicity21.05%31.58%47.37% Lifted Index15.79%31.58%52.63%

ParametersHighModerateSlight MSLP51.85%33.33%14.81% 2m Dewpoint0.00%96.30%3.70% Dewpoint 850mb3.70%33.33%62.96% Isotachs 850mb81.48%18.52%0.00% Temp 700mb100.00%0.00% Isotachs 500mb100.00%0.00% Isotachs 250mb59.30%22.22%18.52% Wind Shear3.70%7.41%88.89% SBCAPE0.00%3.70%96.30% 0-3 km Helicity14.81%40.74%44.44% Lifted Index0.00%40.74%59.26%

ParametersHighModerateSlight MSLP<1005 mb mb>1010 mb 2m Dewpoint>65 °F55-64 °F W,F<55 °F Dewpoint 850mb>12 °C8-12 °C F, Sp<8 °C Isotachs 850mb>40 kts W30-40 kts≤30 kts Temp 700mb<8 °C W,F, Sp8-11 °C>11 °C Isotachs 500mb>50 kts W,F, Sp36-49 kts≤35 kts Isotachs 250mb>85 kts66-85 kts≤65 kts Wind Shear>35 kts26-35 kts≤25 kts W,F,Sp SBCAPE>2500 J/kg J/kg<1500 J/kg W,F 0-3 km Helicity>450 m²/s² m²/s²<300 m²/s² Sp Lifted Index<-6 °C-3 to -5 °C≥-2 °C