Teen Pregnancy Trend & Race in United States Group IV: The Talcott Parsons FCST 200-09 Introduction to Family Studies Kaitlin Deboer: deboerk1@mail.montclair.edu Jessica Herman: hermanj3@mail.montclair.edu Marta Hanaka: hanakam1@mail.montclair.edu

Comments & Grade Please read through the whole PowerPoint, as I have made comments throughout. You have followed the directions well and you included all the necessary information. You provided good details on your data source. You were able to create a well formatted, clear and concise presentation of your data findings. You referenced all necessary information and your work follows APA format. Excellent presentation! Grade: 95

Introduction In 2010, 367,752 infants were born to women between the ages of 15 and 19. Birth rate for this group is 34.3 per 1,000 women. This is a record low statistic in United States. Birth rates fell: -12% for women aged 15–17 years -9% for women aged 18–19 years (Center for Disease Control, 2011)

Hypothesis Hypothesis: We expect that Africans Americans will have a higher rates of teen pregnancy than Whites. We propose this because African Americans have higher rates of poverty (National Center for Health Statistics, 2011). Good justification to support hypothesis from a reputable source.

Introduction/Hypothesis Outcome Variable: Rate of Teen Pregnancy in U.S Demographic Variable: Race Years studied: 1995-2005 List 3 years studied i.e. 1995, 2000, 2005 Race is a demographic characteristic that may be related to differences in the rate of teen pregnancy in U.S.

*all rates are per 1,000 (Guttmacher Institute, 2011). Data Teen Pregnancy rate in the United States in 2005: Total population pregnancy rate (age 15-19): 69.5 -This includes miscarriages and stillbirths Birth rate: 40.5 Abortion rate: 19.1 *all rates are per 1,000 (Guttmacher Institute, 2011).

Data Teen Pregnancy rates in the United States by race (2005): All women: 69.5 White (all): 59.6 White (non-Hispanic): 43.3 Nonwhite (all): 104.5 Black: 122.7 Hispanic: 124.9 (Guttmacher Institute, 2011)

Data According to the data from The Guttmacher Institute, there is a significant difference among the races regarding teen pregnancy that is consistent throughout the years. In 2005, the Hispanic population had the highest total teen pregnancy rate which was 124.9 per 1000 women. The same year, the White non-Hispanic population had lowest total teen pregnancy rate which was 43.3 per 1000 women. Among Black women, teen pregnancy rate in 2005 was 122.7 (Guttmacher Institute, 2011).

Data Our data is trustworthy because it was collected by the Allan Guttmacher Institute. The Guttmacher Institute was a part of Planned Parenthood Federation of America; however, later on it became an independent nonprofit research institute (Guttmacher Institute, 2010). The data we are working with is based on pregnancy rates of women ages 15 to 19. The data includes teen pregnancy birth, miscarriages and stillbirth rates (Guttmacher Institute, 2010). Excellent; Gave clear description of source and why it is valid.

Teen Pregnancy Rates by Race Through Time: United States, 1995-2005 Pregnancy rates per 1,000 Women ages 15-19 Year Source: Guttmacher Institute , 2010 Website???

Results Teen pregnancy rate changed over time: In 1995 the pregnancy rate for African American teens was 181.4. In 2005 teen pregnancy rate declined increased to 122.7 In 1995 the pregnancy rate for White teens was 84.9. In 2005 teen pregnancy rate declined to 59.6 (Guttmacher Institute, 2010). Teen pregnancy rate for all races has declined. It is currently at its lowest (CDC, 2011). Results are clear and accurately describe the graphed data.

Results Teen pregnancy rate is associated with race: -In 2005, teen pregnancy rate for African Americans was twice as high as for Whites -From 1995 to 2005, pregnancy rate among African American teens decreased by 38% while pregnancy rate among Whites declined 30.8% (Guttmacher Institute, 2010). -If this trend continues, we may expect to see race disparities decreasing Good

Results The decline of teen pregnancy might be because: -more teens are using contraceptives In the years 2000-2005, 76% of teens used contraceptives during their first premarital sex. In 2005-2008, 84% of teens used contraceptives (Mosher & Jones, 2010).

Results The decline of teen pregnancy is because: -teens are waiting longer to be sexually active From 2006 to 2008, 14% of males and 11% of women ages 15 to 19 had sex before age 15. In 1995, 19% of females and 21% of males had sex before age 15 (Abma, 2010).

Discussion Our hypothesis was supported by data from the Guttmacher Institute. Although teen pregnancy rates are declining in United States overall, Africans American teenagers have higher rates of pregnancy than White teenagers (Guttmacher Institute, 2010). This might be due to the fact that more Africans Americans live in poverty. -African Americans are 3.6 times more likely to live in poverty than Whites (Caputo, 1993).

Discussion We can conclude that in the future teen pregnancy will most likely increase because of the rise in poverty and unemployment rates in United States. OK -One study found that in the 1990s, falling unemployment rates were correlated with decrease in childbearing among Black women ages 15 to 24 (Colen, Geronimus & Phipps, 2006). -Because our economy is falling, we might see this trend repeat. Good hypothesis

References Abma J.C. (2010). Teenagers in the United States: sexual activity, contraceptive use, and childbearing, National Survey of Family Growth 2006–2008, Vital and Health Statistics; 23(30). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Caputo, R. K. (1993). Family poverty, unemployment rates, and AFDC payments: Trends among blacks and whites. Families in Society, 74 (9), 515-526. Colen, C. G., Geronimus, A. T., & Phipps, M. G. (2006). Getting a piece of the pie? The economic boom of the 1990s and declining teen birth rates in the united states. Social Science & Medicine, 63 (6), 1531-1545. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.04.006 Guttmacher Institute. (2010). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved on April 15, 2012 from http://www.guttmacher.org/about/faq.html#8 Guttmacher Institute. (2010). Pregnancy rates among all women aged 15–19 and among those who have ever had sex; and rates of pregnancy, birth and abortion, and abortion ratios, among women aged 15–19, by race/ethnicity, all according to year, 1986–2006. Retrieved on April 15, 2012 from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/USTPtrends.pdf Guttmacher Institute. (2010). U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births and Abortions: National and State Trends and Trends by Race and Ethnicity. Retrieved on April 15, 2012 from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/USTPtrends.pdf Mosher, W.D. & Jones, J. (2010). Use of contraception in the United States: 1982–2008. Vital and Health Statistics; Series 23(29). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. The Center for Disease Control. (2011). Parent and guardian resources. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/teenpregnancy