Chapter 4 – ENERGY. Energy Energy—The ability to cause change and the ability to do WORK 9 Main forms of energy: –1. Electrical: energy due to moving.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 – ENERGY

Energy Energy—The ability to cause change and the ability to do WORK 9 Main forms of energy: –1. Electrical: energy due to moving electrons –2. Chemical: energy stored in bonds between atoms –3. Thermal: energy from heat

–4. Radiant = Light: energy from the sun & light –5. Nuclear: energy stored in the nucleus of an atom –6. Sound: energy of vibrating sound waves –7. Magnetic: energy of magnetism –8. * Mechanical: Energy due to position and motion Kinetic + Potential= Mechanical 9. Elastic potential Energy: Energy that is stored in something that stretches or compresses, such a rubber band or spring.

Kinetic Energy KE is energy of motion. KE = 1 × m × v 2 2 –m = mass (kg) –v = velocity (m/s) SI Unit for Energy is Joule (J) –Joule = kgxm 2 /s 2 (This is NOT an equation— just another way to write the unit)

Calculating Kinetic Energy What is the kinetic energy of a 44 kg cheetah running at 31 m/s? KE = 1 m v 2 2 KE =

?v=AO117teuR2Q Bill Nye Energy: On the back of your paper: Name as many examples of energy as you can from the video. Name examples of energy changes in the video.

Potential Energy (PE) PE is energy that is stored in an object. 4 types of PE: 1. Elastic PE –Energy due to a stretch (rubber band) or compression (spring) 2. Chemical PE –Energy in the bonds between atoms (foods & fuels) 3. Gravitational PE –Energy due to an elevated position –GPE = m×g×h m = mass (kg) g = gravity=9.8 m/s 2 (on Earth) h = height (m) 4. Nuclear energy: Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

Calculating Potential Energy A 65 kg rock climber ascends a cliff. What is the climber’s GPE 35 m above the base of the cliff? GPE=

?v=AO117teuR2Q Bill nye energy 22 min Bozeman science KE PE e.com/watch?v=BS Wl_Zj-CZshttps:// e.com/watch?v=BS Wl_Zj-CZs

Law of Conservation of Energy L.o.C.o. Energy-- Energy can not be created or destroyed, it just changes form. Rollercoaster mass and spring

Mechanical Energy Energy can be converted from Potential to Kinetic, but the total energy doesn’t change Total Mechanical Energy = Kinetic + Potential ME = KE + PE

Nuclear Energy There are two types of nuclear energy Fission and Fusion Both forms energy are stored as mass in the atoms of certain elements. This mass can be changed into energy under the proper conditions according to Albert Einstein's famous equation: nuclear fission nuclear fusion q=fission&selected_facets= q=fission&selected_facets Scroll down to fusion

Fusion & Fission Fusion atoms are "fused" together In fusion lighter elements form heavier elements Uses –The middle of stars Fission the 2nd form of nuclear energy The exact opposite of fusion. In fission atoms are broken apart. In fission heavier elements form lighter elements. Uses –Hydrogen Bomb –Nuclear Energy Plants

Rube Goldberg Unbelievable Rube Goldberg Machine - Google Video Unbelievable Rube Goldberg Machine - Google Video

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