Simulation of Short Circuit Flow Paths and Transient Conditions to Understand Vulnerability of Public Supply Wells to Contamination in the High Plains.

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Presentation transcript:

Simulation of Short Circuit Flow Paths and Transient Conditions to Understand Vulnerability of Public Supply Wells to Contamination in the High Plains Aquifer, York, Nebraska Brian Clark Matt Landon Leon Kauffman George Hornberger 4/12/2005

Take-Home Messages Wellbores drilled through confining units can act as “short circuits” Transient stresses provide opportunities for pulses of flow Combination of transient stresses and wellbores through confining units can allow contaminants to lower layers

Study Background USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program

Study Background USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program NAWQA topical study: Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants (TANC) to public supply wells

Study Background USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program TANC goal: determine controls on movement of contaminants to public supply wells

Study area

Potential contaminant sources RCRA, LST, NPDES Water / wastewater Landfill / livestock Superfund !. !. !. !.

Study area Recharge zones

Study area Recharge zones Multi-node pumping wells

Study area Recharge zones Observation wells FP5 FP4 FP3 FP1

Study area Recharge zones Transect FP5 FP4 FP3 FP1

Hydrogeology unconfined sand upper confined sand Electrical Resistivity logs Well screens

Confined and unconfined water-levels many wells are commonly screened in unconfined and confined layers Date

Model discretization unconfined sand upper confined sand

Model discretization

Specific yield 0.2 to 0.25 upper confined sand HK values0.315m/d Specific Storage 1 x x per meter Fine  coarse

Transient stresses Simulation time –Sept 1944 to Sept 2004 Seasonal stress periods –Irrigation pumpage off during winter

Transient stresses Multi-node wells allow flow through wellbores Halford, K.J. and Hanson, R.T., 2002

Hydrograph comparison Simulated Observed unconfined

Hydrograph comparison Simulated Observed confined

Hydrograph comparison Simulated Observed confined

Hydrograph comparison Simulated Observed confined

Hydrograph comparison Simulated Observed unconfined

Hydrograph comparison Simulated Observed unconfined

YEARMEANMINMAXRMS MEAN ABS COUNT Residual Statistics all units in meters Residuals = observed minus simulated

Transport model sub-grid 13 layers (2-14) Version of GWT to support MNW 61 rows 122 columns Age & CFC boundary by layer observation wells

Simulated age animation Age, in years Cross-sectional view

Simulated age animation Age, in years Map view cutaway

Age of water vs depth below water table (unconfined wells only) (measured= tritium-helium ages)

CFC concentration vs depth below water table (confined wells only)

Conclusions Wellbores drilled through confining units act as “short circuits” for flow Simulated transient stresses provide pulses of flow Transient stresses and wellbores through confining units allow flow and contamination to lower layers

Contact information Brian Clark - Matt Landon – Leon Kauffman – George Hornberger – 4/12/2005