Earthquakes

Fault Break or fracture in lithosphere Shows evidence of moving Usually located along plate boundaries

Normal fault Tectonic plates are moving apart Lithosphere is stretching

Reverse fault or thrust fault Tectonic plates are moving towards one another Oreo demo

Strike-Slip fault Tectonic plates slide past each other

What causes an earthquake? The release of stored up energy as the plates move past each other The energy moves outward from the fault in all directions in the form of waves When the waves reach the earth’s surface this causes the ground to shake

Primary waves Compression waves Push and pull Slinky demo The fastest seismic wave

Secondary waves Shear waves Side to side motion Slinky demo Slower than primary waves Compare to thunder and lightning

Love waves Surface waves Cause the most damage to buildings Travel the slowest of all seismic waves

How far is the earthquake? Detect p-waves and s-waves on a seismograph Calculate difference between waves

Calculate distance to earthquake Distance = rate X time Example You are traveling 30 miles/hour and you travel for 2 hours. What distance have you traveled? Distance = (30 miles/hour)x(2 hours) = 60 miles

3 locations to determine where earthquake is located

How can structures be built to withstand earthquakes? Structure demos Weight Height Shape

Test how building react in earthquakes Decide on a design for your building Draw a picture Build structure out of spaghetti and clay Test structure on shake table