P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Paul M. Grant Science Fellow Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto, California USA Wire Development Already Well Underway!

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later OPW’s Tomsic (HyperTech) Sargent (Diboride) Grasso (INFM-Genova) Caplin (Imperial College) Larbalestier (UW/ASC) Christen (ORNL) Suenaga (BNL) Canfield (Ames)

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Nature, 1 March 2001 How was it ever missed!

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Maybe It Wasn’t Missed! ? 39 ? 32

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Wither Beyond MgB 2 ? MgB 2 appears to be the quintessential electron-phonon coupling superconductor A “tepid temperature” compound So far, one of a kind…end of the road?

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Nature, 31 May K25 K J 1 T (A/cm 2 ) 150,00035,000

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Power Device Req’mts T (K)H (T)J c (A/cm 2 ) Motors/ Generators ,000 Transformers30280,000 Current Limiters 30280,000 Cables ,000 Dick Blaugher, NREL

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Is LN 2 Necessary?

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later ORNL: J C vs H

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later ORNL: H vs T

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later ORNL: Anisotropy in H C2

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later MgB 2 : J c at 20K ICSTM Centre for High Temperature Superconductivity USEFUL ATTAINABLE?? “B” “A” ORNL

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Imperial College MgB 2 progress that are useful for applications at 20KAdditive A (by scaleable route) enhances J c to levels comparable with micro- crystalline samples, and that are useful for applications at 20K. Additive B (by scaleable route) improves field dependence of J c (B). NB, because of sample porosity, only a lower bound for magnitude of J c.

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Wire Actors Institutions –INFM-Genova –UniGe –Ames –IRL (NZ) –NIMS (Japan) Companies –HyperTech (USA) –Diboride Conductors (UK) –Pirelli (?) –AMSC (?) –IGC-SP (????) –Japan (?) No HTS wire Companies presently Have “visible” MgB 2 Development programs Underway

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Tape dimensions: 3.5 mm x 0.35 mm Filling factor 20% Treated at 900°C for 2 hours in Ar INFM-Genova, G. Grasso, A. Malagoli, V. Braccini, S. Roncallo, and A.S. Siri, Italy INFM-Genova Ni-Sheathed MgB 2 Tape Ex-Situ Sintered 4.2 K 4    10 5 A/cm 2 A sc = 2.5  cm 2

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Peter Lee’s Cosmic Plot (UW/ASC) MA/cm Power Apps 30 – 77 K HEP Genoa 25 K

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later HyperTech CTFF for MgB 2 CONTINUOUS TUBE FORMING AND FILLING (CTFF)

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later HyperTech Representative J C ’s Temperature, K 4K 4K 4K Field, T Jc -kA/mm 2 7.5* 3* 0.2 Temperature, K 30K 30K Field, T Jc -kA/mm (over 300 amps) (over 100 amps) * by extrapolation due to flux jump and lack of stabilization A/cm 2 750, ,000 20,000 A/cm 2 32,000 10,000

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later HyperTech MgB 2 Wire 60 meters, 1.2 mm Mono MgB 2 CTFF Iron in Monel Multi-filament

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Wire Cost Issues Merit Factor for Superconducting Wire: C/P = $/kAmp × meters WireC/PCost Driver NbTi (4.2 K, 2 T)0.90Materials (Nb) Nb 3 Sn (4.2 K, 10 T)10Materials (Nb) Bi-2223 (25 K, 1 T)20Materials (Ag) Y-123 (25 K, 1 T)4Capital Plant

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later MgB 2 Wire C/P Assumptions/Givens: J C = 100,000 A/cm 2 I C = 2000 A/wire (Area = 2 mm 2 ) Non-Materials C/P = 0.11 $/kAm (NbTi) Alfa Aesar MgB 2 Price Quote (10 kg) 750 $/kg (0.75 $/gm) MgB 2 Wire C/P K, 1 T

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later Critical Wire Issues 20 – 30 K 1 – 3 T J C, H irr Length BSCCO/OPIT YBCO CC MgB 2 ac Losses ?

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later MgB 2 Opportunities 20 – 30 K, 0 – 3 T Transformers Rotating Machinery Cables (?)

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later 1967 SC Cable ! 100 GW dc, 1000 km !

P. M. Grant MgB 2 – One Year Later P.M. Grant, The Industrial Physicist, Feb/March Issue, 2002 Supermarket School Home Family Car DNA-to-order.com Nuclear plant H2H2 H2H2 MgB 2 “SuperCity”