ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP IN COSTA RICA PLAN 545, 2012 Jessie Singer
Outline 1.Challenges for environmental protection in developing countries 2.Costa Rica’s leadership role 3.PSA Program 4.Carbon-neutral by Moving forward
Challenges for developing countries 1.They myth of poverty & environmental degradation 2.Population growth & urbanization 3.Rapid industrialization/ movement of “dirty” industry 4.Lack of infrastructure & technologies 5.Fractured and/or weak governance & lack of transparency 6.Financing Adaptation Atlas (
Leadership in Environmental Conservation Conservation ethos rooted in a history of environmental activism & education International support to protect a country with 4% of total world terrestrial biodiversity Well-educated citizens & culture of activism Alvaro Ugalde Mario Boza
Leadership in Environmental Conservation Green Initiatives: Ecotourism market 90% + electricity generated from renewable resources PSA Program Carbon-neutral by 2021
Pagos por servicios ambientales (PSA Program) Established 1997 & managed by FONAFIFO Financed mainly by allocating 3.5% of revenues from a gas tax Based on services from forest ecosystems 2005 = 270,000 ha enrolled in program (approx. 19% of land)
Impact of the PSA Program?
Carbon-neutral by 2021 Laws and incentives “C-neutral” label Carbon offsets
Moving forward with carbon-neutrality & environmental leadership?
Resources Long, C. Costa Rica’s challenge: A pioneer in eco-tourism, the nation faces huge hurdles to going carbon- neutral, including the multi-billion dollar price tag. Latin Trade 19 (2001): Lovgren, St. Costa Rica aims to be 1 st carbon-neutral country. National Geographic News. Accessed February 27, nef. Costa Rica tops Happy Planet index. The Un-Happy Planet Index Accessed February 27, Accessed February 27 Pagiola, S. Payments for environmental services in Costa Rica. Ecological Economics 65 (2008): Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A., Pfaff, A., Robalino, A.A., & Boomhower, J.P. Costa Rica’s payment for environmental services program: Intention, implementation, and impact. Conservation Biology 21 (2007): Steinberg, P.F. Environmental Leadership in Developing Countries: Transnational Relations & Biodiversity Policy in Costa Rica &Bolivia. Massachusetts Institute of Technology World Bank. State and trends of the carbon market World Bank Environmental Department. Washington, DC