BONES Group: Juanita Nieves Ma. Angelica Gomez Julian Sandoval Juan Carlos Hernandez 1

BONES Bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage. Bones protect your internal organs and are made of layers of living tissues. The biggest bone in the body is the femur in the thigh.femur 2

STRUCTURE Bones have: Bumps, edges, round ends, rough spots, many pits and holes. Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave through holes in the bones. 3

BONE TISSUES Living bone: Is an organ made of several different tissues. Periosteum: Is a membrane that covers the living bone. In the periosteum small blood vessels carry nutrients into the bones. Compact bone: Is under the periosteum and gives strength, by the calcium phosphate that makes the bone hard. Spongy bone: It is located at the end of long bones. It has many small openings that makes them light weight, these small cavities are filled with substances called narrows. There are two types of narrows: The yellow ones are composed by fat cells, and the red ones produce red blood cells. 4

CARTILAGE Is a smooth and slippery thick layer of tissue that covers the end of the bone. Cartilage does not contain blood vessels or minerals. It's flexible and important in joints because it acts as a shock absorber. 5

BONE FORMATION As a baby your skeleton was made of cartilage. As you grow up the cartilage breaks down and its replaced by bones. Finally you have 206 bones. 6

HOW MANY BONES? An adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones These include: - 22 Cranial and Facial Bones - 6 Ear Bones - 1 Throat Bone - 4 Shoulder Bones - 25 Chest Bones - 26 Vertebral Bones - 6 Arm and Forearm bones - 54 Hand Bones - 2 Pelvic Bones - 8 Leg Bones - 52 Foot Bones 7

Forming cells Osteoblasts : The cells in the bones are called osteoblast. They deposit calcium and phosphorus in bones making them hard. Osteoclasts: Another kind of bone cells that breaks down the bone tissue, releasing calcium and phosphorus into the blood. 8

JOINTS Any place of your body, where two or more bones come together are called JOINTS. With the help of LIGAMENTS the joints are able to held the bones in place. 9

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IMMOVABLE JOINTS Immovable joint, are those who doesn’t move or allows to little movements. The joints of the bones in your skull and pelvis are classified as immovable. 11

MOVABLE JOINTS Are several types of movable joints like: pivot, ball-and-socket, hinge and gliding. Pivot: rotate in a ring of another bone that doesn’t move. (Ex. Your head moving) Ball-and-socket: consist in a bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone. (Ex. Your hand rotating) Hinge: is a back-and-forth movement. (Ex. Your knee moving) Gliding: one part of the bone slides over another part of the bone. (Ex. Between your vertebrate 12

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