MILLENNIAL COMPARISON AFGHANISTAN & HAITI By: Reed Ross & Megan Blackmer

MILLENNIAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Achieve Universal Primary Education Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Reduce Child Mortality Promote Maternal Health Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases Ensure Environmental Sustainability Global Partnership For Development

ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER TARGET 1A: HALVE, BETWEEN 1990 AND 2015, THE PROPORTION OF PEOPLE LIVING ON LESS THAN $1.25 A DAY TARGET 1B: ACHIEVE DECENT EMPLOYMENT FOR WOMEN, MEN, AND YOUNG PEOPLE TARGET 1C: HALVE, BETWEEN 1990 AND 2015, THE PROPORTION OF PEOPLE WHO SUFFER FROM HUNGER Afghanistan Unemployment 35% Population under the poverty line 36% Yearly deficit of -8.7% Children below 5 underweight 32.9% Haiti Unemployment: 40.6% (More than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs) Population under the poverty line: 80% Yearly deficit: -5.4% of GDP Children below 5 that are underweight: 18.9% The comparison here is really interesting. Haiti has a lower rate of deficit than Afghanistan but the Afghani’s have a lower poverty percentage and a lower unemployment rate. I think the answer lies in the amount of land in the states. Afghanistan has a smaller population per square foot and is largely agrarian, whereas in Haiti the is a high population for a smaller space which equals less employment.

ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION Afghanistan School life expectancy 9 years Literacy rate 28% No available information on Education Expenditures Haiti No available information on school life expectancy Literacy Rate: 48.7% No available information Education Expenditures Haitian School Because Afghanistan is such a rural agrarian state the literacy is much lower than Haiti, a densely populated island. Target 2A: By 2015, all children can complete a full course of primary schooling, girls and boys

PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN Afghanistan Under the Taliban Afghanistan was the most repressive state towards women. Much of that sentiment still lingers especially in rural areas Haiti Due to poverty, poor security and a lack of awareness, Haitian women and girls have a longstanding problem with gender-based violence, where the risk of violence and sexual exploitation are high. With lack of adequate information coming out of Afghanistan it is difficult to measure women’s equality. But from the culture and religion present it would be easy to say that Haiti’s women have much more equality than Afghanistan Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015

REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY Afghanistan 5.43 children born/woman deaths/1,000 live births. This is the highest infant mortality rate in the world. Haiti 2.79 children born/woman deaths/1,000 live births. This places Haiti, when compared to the world, at number 40. For Haiti Afghanistan has the highest infant mortality rate in the world and there are quite a few more children per family than Haiti Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

PROMOTE MATERNAL HEALTH Afghanistan Mother’s mean age at first birth: 20.1 Maternal Mortality Rate: 460 deaths/100,000 live births Haiti Mother’s mean age at first birth: 22.7 (Median age at first birth among women is 25-29) Maternal Mortality Rate: 350 deaths/ 100,000 live births The maternal health in Haiti is much better than in Afghanistan Target 5A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Target 5B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA, AND OTHER DISEASES Afghanistan HIV/AIDS prevalence is surprisingly low at.01% Only 4300 people in Afghanistan have HIV/AIDS Major Diseases degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever Vectorborne disease: malaria animal contact disease: rabies Haiti HIV/AIDS prevalence is 2.1% 146,000 people in Haiti live with HIV/AIDS Major Diseases The degree of risk is high Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and Typhoid fever Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria As can be seen from the data and graph presented Afghanistan is doing much better than Haiti in disease and AIDS prevention Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Afghanistan limited natural freshwater resources inadequate supplies of potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification; air and water pollution Haiti Extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel) Soil erosion Inadequate supplies of potable water Instead of growing and improving the environment both Haiti and Afghanistan rapidly depleting what resources they have. Target 7A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources Target 7B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers

GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT Afghanistan Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection. Not a member of UN, NATO, or other IGO’s. Relatively isolated internationally Haiti Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection Signed, but not ratified to Hazardous Wastes Haiti is not a member of the UN, NATO or any other IGOs. While not terribly involved in international agreements both Haiti and Afghanistan receive millions dollars in foreign aid Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system Target 8B: Address the Special Needs of the Least Developed Countries Target 8C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term Target 8E: In co-operation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries Target 8F: In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

MDG COMPARISON Afghanistan Currently Afghanistan is doing very poorly in consideration of the MDG’s with the exceptions of disease and HIV/AIDS. Much of this lack of disease can be attributed to the strict Sharia Laws in Afghanistan and the overall cleanliness proscribed by Islam. Overall Afghanistan is near if not at the bottom of the world in development It is impossible that Afghanistan could reach the 2015 goal. Haiti Haiti is doing well in the fact that they are having progression in curing AIDS/HIVS, however they lack in the areas of gender equality, education and poverty. The people are poor and lacking in the things they need in order to succeed and evolve from a third world country to a second world country. It is very slim that Haiti could make the 2015 MDG goals.

Thank you