E ducation  Two Types: a)Informal Education:  People learn skills from their family members  Usually follow in same job tracks as their parents  Ex: Farming societies b)Formal Education:  People learn skills from experts in various fields  Have potential to be smarter than their parents  Ex: College

E conomy  There are three ways to categorize economies: 1.Amount of Government Control 2.Type of Economic Activity 3.Level of Development

1. Amount of Government Control  Capitalism  People own their own businesses and property and must buy services for private use, such as healthcare  Aka Free-Market Economy  Socialism  Government owns many of the larger industries  Provides health, education, welfare  Allows citizens some economic choices  Communism  Government owns all businesses and farms and provides its people’s healthcare, education, and welfare

2. Type of Economic Activity a)Traditional (Primary) Economies b)Industrial (Secondary) Economies c)High Tech/Service (Tertiary) Economies

Traditional (Primary) Economies 1)Foraging  Nomadic scavenging/hunting and gathering  Still practiced in remote parts of Brazil and Papua New Guinea 2)Pastoralism  Nomadic herding  Still somewhat common in parts of Asia 3)Subsistence Agriculture  Simple farming and ranching to raise enough for personal/family survival 4)Commercial Agriculture  Selling or trading surplus crops 5)Extraction  Mining or drilling for natural resources

Industrial (Secondary) Economies  Nations buy natural resources from Primary Economies and use them to manufacture goods  Industrial Revolutions cause countries to move from textile manufacturing to heavy industry to higher tech manufacturing  Education usually increases at the same time

High Tech/Service/“Idea” (Tertiary) Economies  Wealthiest nations come up with ideas for things  They then build factories elsewhere to make those things  Once manufactured, it is shipped back to the nation that designed it  In tertiary, education is directly related to earning potential  The smarter you are, the richer you’ll be  “Idea” jobs pay well

3. Level of Development  During Cold War, there were three categories:  First World  United States and wealthiest allies  Second World  Soviet Union and wealthiest allies  Third World  Rest of the world  Usually poor  US and Soviet Union competed for control of these countries

Today, we divide the world up as follows:  Very Developed Countries  Wealthiest nations in the world  Very high levels of health care and education  Ex: US, UK, Japan, Germany  More Developed Countries  Most people doing well in these countries  Also have very poor people  Eastern European countries such as Poland and Russia are examples

 Developing Countries  Poor countries that are starting to improve  Still have low income and literacy rates, but numbers are getting better  Ex: Brazil and Mexico  Underdeveloped Countries  Poorest of the poor  Few resources, schools, hospitals  Impoverished populations living on less than $1 per day  Ex: Haiti

F amily  Nuclear Family  Two parents and 2.35 kids  Extended Family  Three or more generations living together  Monogamy  Marrying one person  135 out of 554 cultures  Polygamy  Marrying two or more people  Polygyny  One man marries more than one woman  415 out of 554 cultures  Polyandry  One woman marries more than one man  4 out of 554 cultures