TYPES OF SOCIETIES Chapter 3 Section 3

Preindustrial Societies Food production is the focus of economic activity Hunter-gatherer: collection of wild plants and hunting of wild animals (nomadic) Pastoral: domesticated herd animals provide food needs (nomadic) Horticultural: fruits and vegetables are raised in garden beds that have been cleared from jungle or forest (Semi permanent) Agricultural: animals are used to pull plows, yields higher crop supplies, can support larger populations Barter: the exchange of goods or services for other goods or services

Industrial Societies Emphasis shifts from the production of food to the production of manufactured goods Production is carried out by machines, making it faster and available on a larger scale.

Postindustrial Societies Economic emphasis shifts from the production of manufactured goods to the provision of information and services Standard of living improves for entire population Technological advances are viewed as the key to future prosperity

Contrasting Societies According to Durkheim- Mechanical solidarity: people share the same values and perform the same tasks, they become united as a common whole Organic Solidarity: impersonal relationships that arise with increased job specialization. Individuals can no longer provide for all of their own needs and become dependent on others for their survival According to Ferdinand T ӧ nnies: Gemeinschaft: most people know one another in a given society, relationships are close and valued center on family and community Gesellschaft: most relationships are based on need and are impersonal and temporary, traditional values are weak and individual goals are more important than group goals

Homework: Pg. 66 #1-6