Catalyst part 1 Write a response to yesterday’s discussion on the achievement gap. How did you feel listen- ing to it? What implications will it have on your life? Have you ever had someone tell you that you couldn’t do something? What happened? What will happen now?

Binders by tomorrow Test grades and quiz retakes tomorrow Quiz reaveraged

Catalyst part 2 1) What does it mean to be in balance? 2) Why is it important to maintain balance? 3) Give an example of something in your body that must remain balanced? Answer in your composition or spiral note-book. You have 2 minutes.

Homeostasis {or maintaining the balance} 54

Homeostasis literally means SAME STATE Homeostasis refers to the body’s constant struggle to keep all of the internal functions balanced The endocrine (hormone) and nervous systems are continually working to keep the body’s environment steady

DETERMINE THE BREATHING RATE OF YOUR PARTNER Count for 15 seconds: _____* 4 = breaths per minute Would you expect the rate to increase or decrease after exercise? Why or why not? Breathing Lab

HAVE YOUR PARTNER DO JUMPING JACKS FOR 1 MINUTE Re-measure their breathing rate. Count for 15 seconds: _____* 4 = breaths per minute Would you expect the rate to increase or decrease after sitting for 3 minutes? Why or why not? Breathing Lab

RE-MEASURE THEIR BREATHING RATE AFTER SITTING FOR 3 MINUTES Count for 15 seconds: _____* 4 = breaths per minute Breathing Lab

The Cell Membrane and Homeostasis MUST maintain concentrations of: - Water- Wastes - Glucose- Salts - Nutrients MUST maintain constant: - Temperature - pH - Glucose levels - Water balance Homeostasis: refers to the body’s constant struggle to keep all of the internal functions balanced

Cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell and maintains homeostasis Phospholipid bilayer: two layers of lipids that make a flexible barrier - Like “Red Rover”

selective-permeability: only some things can cross the membrane Can CrossCan’t Cross Small particles and water Large particles...they need help!

Fluid Mosaic Structure Allows molecules to move around easily in the lipid bilayer. Carbohydrates and proteins are embedded in the bilayer

Particles move in response to a concentration gradient:

Movement across membranes can be Which results in Can be which requires and a In order to move particles from a region of to a region of The three types are… They move particles from a region of to a region of

Two categories of transport: Passive and Active Passive Transport: a substance can move across the membrane with the concentration gradient without using energy/ATP Active transport: Particles move from an area of low concentration to high concentration using Energy/ATP

Passive Transport

Passive Transport = Diffusion 7_zkY = the movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Osmosis: The diffusion of water from high to low concentration Passive transport results in equilibrium when the gradient is balanced. Movement still continues but there is no net change in concentration.

Facilitated diffusion (Facilitated= help/assist): Diffusion of particles with the help of a carrier protein or protein channel. Moves from high to low concentration. Still no energy usage. Can be a protein channel (the particles just move through) or a carrier protein (changes shape to allow particles to fit through) YX3g&feature=endscreen

Practice! 1. Which direction will the water move? __________________ What type of transport? _______________

2. Which way will the glucose molecules move across the membrane? Draw an arrow to show the movement. What type of transport is this? ___________________

3. Which of the following represents dynamic equilibrium? A. Water was 80% inside the cell and 80% outside the cell B. Protein was 30% inside the cell and 35% outside the cell C. Water was 85% inside the cell and 80% outside the cell

4. Fill out the chart to compare and contrast the types of PASSIVE TRANSPORT. Put an X in the box if the statement is true. DiffusionOsmosisFacilitated Diffusion Moves from HIGH to LOW Needs a protein Needs energy Moves particles Moves water

Active Transport: a substance can move across the membrane, AGAINST the concentration gradient with the help of ATP LOW to HIGH concentration Needs a PROTEIN CARRIER“pump” Needs ATP (energy)

Practice! 1. What type of transport will move the H+ ions from low to high? 2. Freshwater protozoans, such as Paramecia, must constantly pump water out to keep from bursting. What does this tell you about the concentration of particles inside a Paramecium compared to the concentration of particles of its environment?

3. Fill in the table below to compare and contrast PASSIVE and ACTIVE transport. Place an X in the boxes that apply. DiffusionOsmosisFacilitated Diffusion Active Transport Moves from HIGH to LOW Moves from LOW to HIGH Needs a protein Needs energy Moves particles Moves water

Check Yourself: 1. If a particle is moving from high to low concentration, what type of transport will it use? 2. If a particle is moving from low to high concentration, what type of transport will it use? 3. If water is moving from high to low, what type of transport will it use?

Hypertonic vs. Hypotonic Solutions

How does this affect cells? In animal cells… In plant cells…