Water Quality Section 1.2 https://www.campbellsci.ca/water-quality

Do Now Where is most of the fresh water on Earth? Is it readily available for humans to use? Why or why not? 1. Most of the earth’s fresh water is locked up in the ice caps and glaciers (77%), while the other sources (such as groundwater and lakes) make up the other 23%. 2. Most fresh water is not available to drink as its located in ice caps and remote glaciers. Fresh water in lakes and rivers may not be accessible or close to the larger population centers. The water that is accessible may be contaminated by waste and toxins.

The Plan I can explain how water is tested. Discuss water quality. Video on Edmonton’s water processing. Discuss water testing criteria. Videos I can explain how water is tested.

Water Quality Water quality is a measure of the amount of substances (besides water) in a water sample; OR a description of how pure a sample is. Water in nature is never pure, for it always contains organisms, organic materials, minerals, and other chemicals. http://www.cedarhills.org/utilities/water-quality

Substances Dissolved in Water Most of the substances dissolved in fresh and salt water are called salts. The most common salt is sodium chloride, the same chemical as table salt. Salinity is the amount of dissolved salt in water. Sea water has a higher salinity (3.5%) than fresh water. http://waydownsouth.wikispaces.com/Salinity

Hard Water Hard water is water containing a high concentration of calcium and magnesium. http://www.sanatogawater.com/gallery~hard-water-signs http://www.culligan-water.com/at-home-or-work/common-water-problems/q-hard+water+spots-89

http://www. freedrinkingwater. com/water-education/quality-water-hard http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-education/quality-water-hard.htm

Organisms in Drinking Water Fresh water also contains organisms and organic matter. Some organisms are harmful, but most of them are not. Escherichia coli (E. coli) can cause illness and death, but human treatment processes usually take care of this.

Unsafe Drinking Water More than 1 billion people drink dirty water every day! Worldwide 3-5 million people die each year from unsafe water. http://galleryhip.com/unsafe-drinking-water-in-africa.html

Water Quality Testing Water from a well is rarely treated because its location far underground protects it from most natural and human activities. However, airborne pathogens may still come in contact with the water.

Water Quality Testing City water is always treated because it comes from surface locations (rivers and lakes), which are highly susceptible to pollution. Treating the water is important to improve the quality of the water so that it is potable. http://www.hihostels.ca/westerncanada/1404/HI-Edmonton.hostel

Community Water Processing Water from a source, such as the North Saskatchewan River, is pumped into a treatment plant. There it passes through a series of stages that gradually make it cleaner and cleaner until it is safe to drink. What is Edmonton’s water processing like?

Water Testing Criteria Which glass of water is safe to drink? A simple and common method of testing is appearance and smell, but this should be used cautiously because many dangerous organisms will not be detected.

Water Testing Criteria Taste and colour Cloudiness Toxic substances Bacteria Hardness pH Dissolved oxygen and solids http://www.ozarksliving.com/water-quality-issues-and-home-water-testing/

Acid Rain Rain or atmospheric moisture that has been mixed with elements and gases that have caused the moisture to become more acidic than normal. Can be caused by natural (volcanoes) and man-made activities (e.g., cars). It can harm the environment. http://water.usgs.gov/edu/acidrain.html

http://steinhardtapps.es.its.nyu.edu/nyuhudson/?page_id=168 http://shediacbaywatershed.com/category/water-quality/

Studying the Rouge River http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scenic_Rouge_River.jpg

Swamps Purify Water http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naples_Swamps_01.jpg

Homework Check and Reflect #1 (p. 346). Assess Your Learning #2 (p. 347). Study for your celebration of learning.