Exploring American History Unit X – Modern America Chapter 30– Searching for Order Section 2 – America in the 1970’s

America in the 1970s The Big Idea Americans faced major challenges both at home and around the world in the 1970s. Main Ideas American society debated key social issues during the 1970s. Jimmy Carter was elected president in Carter had successes as well as failures in foreign policy during his administration.

Main Idea 1: American society debated key social issues during the 1970s. n The American population was changing in the 1970s. n America faced new challenges in finding ways to balance the views of all Americans. u The Equal Rights Amendment u 1972 Title IX. u In 1973 Roe v. Wade.

Affirmative Action Issues of the 1970s Environment Biologist Rachel Carson April 22, 1970, Earth Day. New laws. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1970

Main Idea 2: Jimmy Carter was elected president in n Democratic nominee Jimmy Carter defeated Republican nominee Gerald Ford in a close 1976 election. n Carter faced many challenges. n Carter hoped to use nuclear energy to help solve energy crisis. u Three Mile Island nuclear power plant.

President Jimmy Carter

Main Idea 3: Carter had successes as well as failures in foreign policy during his administration. n Carter favored policies that promoted human rights– the basic rights and freedoms of all people. u Reduced U.S. aid u South African – apartheid u sanctions

Human Rights Soviet Relations SALT II talks in 1979 that limited nuclear weapons Carter’s Foreign Policy Recognizing China

Latin America and the Soviet Union n Policy in Latin America u In 1977 Panama Canal u Relations with the Soviet Union u Détente broke down u Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979, Carter broke off arms talks and refused to allow athletes to participate in 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

Panama Canal Treaties n Why- u The U.S. had been in control of Canal since 1903 and could be forever. u Riots in Panama demanding control of canal, the biggest industry in Panama. u Panamanian Dictator Omar Torrijos threatened to blow up the canal if the U.S. didn't get out. n 1st Treaty u U.S. hands over Canal to Panama on Dec. 31, 1999 n 2nd Treaty u Canal to be neutral waterway u U.S. has permanent right to protect and defend that neutrality.

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan n U.S. embargoes grain sales and technology, and culture exchanges to USSR. n U.S. and 61 other nations boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow n The Soviet stay in Afghanistan until April 14, Soviet Vietnam.

The Middle East n Carter worked to ease tensions in the Middle East. u In 1978 Camp David Accords. n In 1979, rebels in Iran. n On November 4, 1979 u The Iran hostage crisis lasted for more than a year.

Camp David Accords n Camp David Accords u Anwar Sadat- new President of Egypt- wants peace with Israel. u Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel u President Jimmy Carter of U.S.A u All three meet at Camp David, the presidential retreat. u Sept peace agreement reached. u Other Arab nation objected and said Egypt acts alone. Arabs put a economic boycott on Egypt.

Iran and the United States n Shah of Iran u Improved education u Women’s rights u Improved public health u U.S. ally u but was a dictator, corrupt, and used torture to westernize n Islamic revolution u Overthrew the Shah. Shah goes to US for Cancer treatment u Ayatollah Khomeini- New Fanatical Muslim leader of Iran u Fundamental Islam n U.S. Embassy in Teheran u Our interest were oil based. u Islamic fundamentalist mob invades embassy and siezed the Americans there. u Demand return of Shah and unfreeze Iranian assets u Carter refuses the demands n Hostage Crisis- 52 for 444 days Kathryn L. Koob, 42 - Embassy Cultural Officer; one of two female hostages Kathryn L. Koob, 42 - Embassy Cultural Officer; one of two female hostages.