World War I Begins Chapter 19; Section 1

A. Igniting the War in Europe 1. Nationalism –Self-interests over global cooperation –Encouraged competition among nations Growth at the expense of others –Encouraged independence movements among ethnic groups

A. Igniting the War in Europe 2. Imperialism –Competition and antagonism between nations raw materials/markets –Created the opportunity for points of conflict –Issue of prestige

Igniting the War in Europe 3. Militarism – Development of military Tool of foreign policy –Ex. Britain and its navy Led to an arms race/stockpiling Conscription Universal military training Ready for war

Igniting the War in Europe 4. Alliances –Committed nations to act –small wars could escalate Austria-Hungary + Germany France + Russia + Serbia Great Britain + Belgium

Igniting the War in Europe 5. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand –Austria-Hungary had designs on Serbia –Used assassination as the excuse to launch war against Serbia –Activated the alliance system

Opposition to the War Naturalized Citizens SocialistsPacifistsParents Loyalty to homeland or interests of homeland Imperialist struggle War is evil; US to set an example of peace Didn’t want to risk the lives of their sons on foreign soil

Nations Encourage US Involvement BritainGermanyRussia Cut transatlantic cable bet US/Germany Emphasized German aggression and atrocities Large orders for materials/loans Unrestrained submarine warfare Sank the Lusitanian Zimmerman Note Overthrow of Czar Established representative gov. Democracy v. oppression

World War I America Enters the War

Stumbling blocks to US Neutrality Wilson - Neutrality in thought and deed

The US entered the War because 1. Submarines 2. Sentiment 3. Economics 4. Security 5. Honor

Submarines War was thrust upon us by the Germans  Attacks on American ships Lusitania  Unrestricted submarine warfare January 1917

Economics Economic ties between US and Allies Germany was forced to resort to submarine warfare by America’s “un-neutral” policies  US was pro-British  War of attrition Open supply lines bet. US and England Supply lines w/ Germany closed $2 billion to Allied forces $27 million to Germany

S3 - Security A successful Germany would  Threaten our security  Would dominate Europe  Tilt the balance of power

H1 – Honor  Vague, idealistic concepts Neutral rights Freedom of the seas Making the world “safe for democracy”

America Prepares for War Complete lack of preparedness until 1916  378,619 v. 4.8 million National Defense Act – increases military strength  Conscription/Draft 2.8 million

Mobilization War Industries Board (WIB) 1917 Railroad AdminFuel Admin Main regulatory board Standardization Price controls (wholesale) Resource allocation Controlled the nation’s railroads Regulated coal supplies Rationed gas/heating oil Daylight savings time

Mobilization National War Labor Board Food Administration Committee on Public Information (CPI) Resolved labor/industry disputes Work or fight 8 hr work day Ban on child labor Expanded farm production “X”-less days Victory gardens Tripled food shipments Popularize the war effort “Expression not repression” Modern advertising techniques Unreason hatred of the enemy Liberty pups & Liberty cabbage Serious consequences

Espionage and Sedition Acts Eliminate internal enemies Fines/prison time  Interfering with the war effort  Speaking against the war effort Debs- 20 yrs. in jail – 1 million votes for president ,000 arrests 1,500 convictions Emphasis on conformity  Led to persecution of German-Americans