Rise of Democracy “Democratic Developments in England” And “The Enlightenment and Democractic Revolutions”

Prologue: Section 3 Democratic Developments in England

Henry II (1154-1189) develops as one of the world’s greatest leaders Causes: Developed the idea of trial by jury Created the Common Law Effects Americans use a trial by a jury Many English-speaking countries use a type of common law

King John tried to raise taxes on the nobles (p. 17-18) Causes: Angry nobles rebelled and forced John to sign concessions that guaranteed certain traditional political rights. This agreement is called the Magna Carta Effect Grew to protect the liberties of all people Used to justify the American Revolution

Magna Carta Clause 1 “We have also granted to all free men of our kingdom, for ourselves, and our heirs for ever, all the liberties written below …” Why It is Important

Magna Carta Clause 12: “No special tax or aid shall be imposed in our kingdom unless by common counsel of our kingdom …” Why It is Important

Magna Carta – Clause 38 Clause 38: “No bailiff shall in future put anyone to trial upon his own bare word, without reliable witnesses produced for this purpose.” Why It is Important

Magna Carta Clause 39 “No free man shall be arrested or imprisoned …, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.” Why It is Important

Magna Carta Clause 41 “All merchants shall be able to go out of and come into England safely and securely and stay and travel throughout England.” Why It is Important

In 1295, Edward I needs money to pay for war in France Causes: He called together the Model Parliament Made up of noble lords, minor lords and city leaders established a standard for later parliaments Voted on taxes, helped with reforms and consolidated laws Effects English House of Commons and the House of Lords American legistative branch: Senate & House of Representatives

Charles I and Oliver Cromwell claim more power. (p. 18-19) Causes: Religious reformers were trying to change the Church of England through legislation James I used the Star Chamber to administer justice When James I was refused money by parliament, he tried to raise the money through a different route. Effects Parliament rejected the attempts by Charles I in the Petition of Rights. Charles I disbanded Parliament after they refused to comply.

Charles I and Oliver Cromwell claim more power. (p. 18-19) Causes: When the Scots invaded England, and King Charles I needed the help of his nobles, they refused to help him until he signed concessions. In 1642, this lead to the English Civil War which ended with the execution of Charles I and Oliver Cromwell rise to power.

Oliver claim more power. (p. 18-19) Effects: Cromwell established the Commonwealth of England In 1653 he also dissolved Parliament and created the Protectorate

Richard Cromwell resigns & Charles II is placed on the throne (p. 20) Causes (Restoration): Richard Cromwell was an unpopular and weak leader who resigned in 1659. In 1660, the Parliament restored Charles II to the throne of a new monarchy Effects The monarchy and Parliament shared power In 1679 Habeas Corpus Amendment Act was passed requiring authorities to tell a person why he or she is being arrested

The Glorious Revolution takes place. (p. 20) Cause: King James II, a Roman Catholic, became king and wanted to take back the divine right of kings. Although Mary was his first child, the Parliament was afraid that the rule would pass to James’ son thereby increasing the power of the monarchy. The Parliament offered the English throne to James’ II daughter, Mary and her husband theWilliam of Orange (the ruler of the Netherlands) in 1689.

The Glorious Revolution takes place. (p. 20) Effect: Parliament created a bill of rights that Limited the power of the king Could not suspend laws Could not tax without consent of the Parliament Could not raise an army without consent of the Parliament Protected people’s rights free speech The right to seek remedies for grievances

Section 4 The Enlightenment and Democractic Revolution Modern World History (p. 22-27)

Warm-up List three important names from the English Democractic Development section Describe two important events Compare one English democratic development with a development in American democracy.

Vocabulary Term (p. 22) Enlightenment – thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the methods of science to society. Social Contract – people agree to submit to an absolute ruler to prevent disorder Natural rights – all human beings have the right to life, liberty, and property

Determining Main Ideas: Read together in your groups. Each person takes a turn reading. All people read along. Stop as a group to complete information As you read about the Englightenment (23-24), take notes to show each thinker’s main ideas about government. Thomas Hobbes John Locke Voltaire Jean Jacques Rousseau Baron de Montesquieu

Enlightenment Thinkers Thomas Hobbes John Locke Lived 1588-1699 Sided with absolute monarchy and divine right of kings Lived 1632 to 1704 Sided with self- government and modern democratic thought

Thomas Hobbes (p. 22) Wrote Leviathan (1651) people were by nature selfish and ambitious people needed the control of an absolute monarch. Developed a social contract

John Locke Wrote Two Treatises on Government (1690) Believed all human beings had, by nature, the right to life, liberty, and property. Believed people had the right to rebel against a government that violated or failed to protect their rights.

Voltaire His real name was François-Marie Aroue. Attacked the French government & Christianity Proposed tolerance, freedom of religion, and free speech

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Wrote The Social Contract (1762) Called the social contract “an agreement between free individuals to create a government that would respond to the people’s will” (p. 23). Believed the only true government ruled through consent of its people. Believed the people would wisely follow the issues and vote according to their consciences for the well-being of the community.

Baron de Montesquieu Wrote The Spirit of the Laws (1748) Believed “any person or group in power will try to increase its power.” Proposed a separation of powers by dividing power into three branches Legislative Executive Judicial

Three branches of government Legislature to make laws Executive to inforce laws Courts (judical) to interpret laws

Vocabulary Term (p. 24-25) American Revolution (1775-1781)the American struggle for independence from Britian. French Revolution (1789) the French war for democracy, overthrowing the monarchy

Vocabulary Term (p. 24-25) Representative Government – citizens elect representatives to make laws and policies Federal system – the governing powers were divided between the central (federal), state, and local representatives

Compare & Contrast: As you read about democractic revolutions (25-27) take note to fill in the Venn chart below to compare the American Revolution to the French Revolution. American Revolution French Revolution

Compare and Contrast Causes Began with Developed Goal Outcome

Causes Louis raised taxes through the Estates-General American Revolution French Revolution The British raised the taxes on the American colonies to help pay for the French- Indian War American colonists protested the taxes, claiming taxation without representation Colonists wanted to settle the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains Louis raised taxes through the Estates-General Absolute monarchy lead to excessive powers for the rich Unpopular, weak monarchs – King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Other classes influenced by Enlightenment

Began with Stamp Act of 1765 unified protesters American Revolution French Revolution Stamp Act of 1765 unified protesters Battle of Lexington and Concord in 1775 Peasants reformed as the National Assembly Parisians took control of the Bastille on 14 July, 1789

Experienced - Developed American Revolution French Revolution Federal Government Enlightenment Declaration of Independence Constitution Life, liberty & pursuit of happiness Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Enlightenment American Declaration of Independence Liberty, property, security, & resistance to oppression

Goal Freedom to build a new nation American Revolution French Revolution Freedom to build a new nation Limited government for an existing country Model: England’s constitutional monarchy The United States’ federal government

Outcome Won independence in 1781 Created American Revolution French Revolution Won independence in 1781 Created a representative government 3 branch federal system Trouble from the beginning: European monarchs warred against France Catholics did not like the new government The noblity was not pleased Reign of Terror was the result Napoleon Bonaparte created a dictatorship

Review Using your notes or the book, write a brief response to the following items: Three difference between the American and French Revolutions Two similarities between the American and French Revolutions One impact of these revolutions on the rise of democracy

Struggle for Democracy Continues “The Struggle for Democracy Continues” Read pages 26-27 Write a 40-word response to the following prompt: Explain the role of the United Nations in promoting democracy.

Homework – Vocabulary terms sections 1-4: Make flashcards Make pict-o-grams Place terms in catagories based on 5 elements of social studies.