Chapter 4 Design and Problem Solving

Design and Problem Solving Chapter 4 Design and Problem Solving Section 4.1 The Design Process Section 4.2 Problem Solving

Objectives Content Vocabulary 4.1 The Design Process Explain how creativity influences design. Explain the importance of engineering and appearance in design. Discuss ways to evaluate designs. Content Vocabulary innovation invention human factors engineering balance proportion unity

The Design Process 4.1 Graphic Organizer Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study.

What are some basic principles of design for almost everything? The Design Process 4.1 Get Started! What are some basic principles of design for almost everything?

Creativity leads to ideas that are original and imaginative. The Design Process 4.1 The Role of Creativity Creativity leads to ideas that are original and imaginative.

The Design Process 4.1 The Role of Creativity Historically, inventors like John Deere and Thomas Edison innovated and invented existing products or brand new devices. innovation the process of modifying an existing product or system to improve it invention turning ideas and imagination into new products and systems

The Role of Engineering The Design Process 4.1 The Role of Engineering Design and engineering work hand in hand.   Both consider a product’s durability, reliability, and usability.

Human Factors Engineering The Design Process 4.1 Human Factors Engineering Designers think about how people use products, or human factors engineering.   They are interested comfort and function. human factors engineering the design of equipment and environments to promote human safety, health, and well-being; also called “ergonomics”

The Design Process 4.1 Flexibility Engineers determine a product’s flexibility to meet the needs of its potential users.

There are four principles of design that determine its success: The Design Process 4.1 The Role of Appearance There are four principles of design that determine its success: Balance Proportion Contrast Unity balance a state of steadiness or stability; one of the principles of design proportion the correct relationship between sizes and quantities in a design unity function and form are carefully planned and in harmony

The Design Process 4.1 Evaluating Design During the design process, a designer checks and critiques the final product. Sample Design Checklist Does it meet the end-user’s needs? Was it delivered on time and under budget? Can it be improved? What other questions would you include to evaluate a design?

Objectives Content Vocabulary 4.2 Problem Solving List the six steps in problem solving Describe an effective problem statement. Content Vocabulary problem statement brainstorming

Problem Solving 4.2 Graphic Organizer Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study.

Discuss a problem you had and how you solved it. Problem Solving 4.2 Get Started! Discuss a problem you had and how you solved it.

Problem solving is part of the design process. 4.2 Problem Solving Steps Problem solving is part of the design process. 1 Define the problem. 2 Collect information. 3 Develop possible solutions. The six steps to solving a problem are: 4 Select one solution. 5 Put the solution to work. 6 Evaluate the solution.

Problem Solving 4.2 Problem Solving Steps

Problem Solving 4.2 Define the Problem You must identify a problem before you can solve it. This means defining it.

Problem Solving 4.2 The Problem Statement To identify and define the problem, designers create a problem statement. problem statement a statement that clearly identifies the problem that the product will solve

A problem statement helps focus your thinking. Problem Solving 4.2 The Problem Statement A problem statement helps focus your thinking.   Revise the statement to be absolutely clear.

Criteria and Constraints Problem Solving 4.2 Criteria and Constraints Criteria are identified once the problem has been stated.   Find specifics and limitations that a designer should take into consideration when designing a product.

Problem Solving 4.2 Collect Information You can save time and find better solutions by looking at similar problems and solutions.

Develop Possible Solutions Problem Solving 4.2 Develop Possible Solutions Brainstorming is an important part of the problem-solving process.   Designers brainstorm at they collect information and develop possible solutions. brainstorming a group technique that helps you develop possible solutions to a problem very quickly

Make an educated decision by looking at all your options. Problem Solving 4.2 Select One Solution When selecting a solution, weigh the options of the other possible solutions.   Make an educated decision by looking at all your options.

Put the Solution to Work Problem Solving 4.2 Put the Solution to Work The best way to test a solution is to use it.   Every solution needs to be evaluated, and most designs must be refined.

If the first solution does not work out, do not stick to it. Problem Solving 4.2 Evaluate the Solution If the first solution does not work out, do not stick to it.   Look for better solutions and use new knowledge gained from trial and error.

human factors engineering Chapter Design and Problem Solving 4 Review Content Vocabulary Check innovation invention human factors engineering balance proportion balance A state of steadiness or stability; one of the principles of design innovation The process of modifying an existing product or system to improve it invention Turning ideas and imagination into new products and systems human factors engineering The design of equipment and environments to promote human safety, health, and well-being; also called “ergonomics” proportion The correct relationship between sizes and quantities in a design

Design and Problem Solving 4 Chapter Design and Problem Solving 4 Review Content Vocabulary Check unity problem statement brainstorming brainstorming A group problem-solving technique in which members call out possible solutions unity A state in which all parts of a design work together problem statement A statement that clearly defines a problem to be solved

Design and Problem Solving 4 Chapter Design and Problem Solving 4 Review Quick Check Explain how creativity influences design. List the six steps in the problem-solving process. Describe what makes a product attractive. Discuss how problem solving is applied to design. Discuss what is involved in finding solutions to problems. Answers All designs begin with a creative design Define the problem; collect information; develop possible solutions; select one solution; put the solution to work; and evaluate the solution. balance, proportion, contrast, unity It helps designers select the best design. collecting information on solutions to similar problems

End of Chapter 4 Design and Problem Solving