Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Today • Diffraction from periodic transparencies: gratings
Advertisements

Chapter 35 The concept of optical interference is critical to understanding many natural phenomena, ranging from color shifting in butterfly wings to intensity.
Diffraction and Interference
Interference and Diffraction
Diffraction and Interference Physics Light Light has Wave properties Light can Diffract Light can Interfere – Constructively – Destructively.
Tsing Hua University, Taiwan Solar Acoustic Holograms January 2008, Tucson Dean-Yi Chou.
Muhammad Hasan Danish Khan University of Vaasa, Finland.
OPTICS. I. IMAGES A. Definition- An image is formed where light rays originating from the same point on an object intersect on a surface or appear to.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outline Chapter 28 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker.
What’s so Special about a Laser?
Interference Physics 202 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 22.
Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Interference and Holograms Introduction to 3D Images.
3: Interference, Diffraction and Polarization
Interference Diffraction and Lasers
Chapter 37 Wave Optics. Wave optics is a study concerned with phenomena that cannot be adequately explained by geometric (ray) optics.  Sometimes called.
SCPY152 General Physics II June 19, 2015 Udom Robkob, Physics-MUSC
1 Holography Mon. Dec. 2, History of Holography Invented in 1948 by Dennis Gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser.
Holography.
WELCOME.
The wave nature of light Interference Diffraction Polarization
Interference and the Wave Nature of Light
Advanced Optics Lab at San Jose State University Ramen Bahuguna Department of Physics.
MIT 2.71/2.710 Optics 12/06/04 wk14-a- 1 Holography Preamble: modulation and demodulation The principle of wavefront reconstruction The Leith-Upatnieks.
1 Chapter 35 The concept of optical interference is critical to understanding many natural phenomena, ranging from color shifting in butterfly wings to.
Holography. Irradiance  A photograph records the irradiance of an image. Energy per unit areaEnergy per unit area  Light areas represent high irradiance.
ECE 299 Holography and Coherent Imaging Lecture 5. Display Holography David J. Brady Duke University Lecture 5. Display Holographywww.disp.duke.edu/~dbrady/courses/holography.
Daily Challenge, 1/7 If light is made of waves and experiences interference, how will the constructive and destructive interference appear to us?
Diffraction and Interference
Chapter 13 The Characteristics of light. Objectives Identify the components of the electromagnetic spectrum. Calculate the frequency or wavelength of.
Chapter 29 Light Waves In this chapter we will study Huygens’ Principle Diffraction Interference Polarization Holography.
Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or the edges of an opening. Huygen’s Principle - Every point on a wave front acts as a source of tiny.
Fourier relations in Optics Near fieldFar field FrequencyPulse duration FrequencyCoherence length Beam waist Beam divergence Focal plane of lensThe other.
Lenses Chapter 30. Converging and Diverging Lenses  Lens – a piece of glass which bends parallel rays so that they cross and form an image  Converging.
Chapters 21 & 22 Interference and Wave Optics Waves that are coherent can add/cancel Patterns of strong and weak intensity.
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Optics 2----by Dr.H.Huang, Department of Applied Physics1 Diffraction Introduction: Diffraction is often distinguished.
S-110 A.What does the term Interference mean when applied to waves? B.Describe what you think would happened when light interferes constructively. C.Describe.
Ch 16 Interference. Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or the edges of an opening. Huygen’s Principle - Every point on a wave front.
Wave superposition If two waves are in the same place at the same time they superpose. This means that their amplitudes add together vectorially Positively.
Holography Group D 蘇郁倫、楊士鋒、葉嘉儀、徐士璿. Outline Introduction Making a Hologram Production Application Reference.
Demo request 4/8 Monday Physics 471 C285 ESC, 2 pm Hess call to confirm. Holography demo kit with laser, chess, cannon holograms in cylindrical.
Light - an ___________________ wave (EM wave). It can travel without a _______________. It can travel through _______ or _______________ and consists.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 34 The Wave Nature of Light; Interference.
Interference & Diffraction. Interference Like other forms of wave energy, light waves also combine with each other Interference only occurs between waves.
Lecture Nine: Interference of Light Waves: I
The Wave Nature of Light
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Interference and Diffraction Chapter 15 Table of Contents Section.
The Bending of Light and Lenses Chapter 18 and 19.
Interference & Diffraction Light Part 4. Interference Like other forms of wave energy, light waves also combine with each other Interference only occurs.
Interference of Light Waves
Interference of Light Waves Conditions for interference Young’s double slit experiment Intensity distribution of the interference pattern Phasor representation.
Chapter 10.2 Wave Interference and Diffraction Interference.
Chapter 37: Interference of Light (Electromagnetic) Waves
HOLOGRAPHY Inderjit Singh Associate Professor of Physics
Double Rainbow 1. 2 Bar at the Folies Bergères’ by Edouard Manet (1882)
Appendix A : Fourier transform
Light and Optics  The Electromagnetic Spectrum  Interference, Diffraction, and Polarization Wave Properties of Light.
Chapter 25 Wave Optics.
The wave nature of light Interference Diffraction Polarization
Wave superposition If two waves are in the same place at the same time they superpose. This means that their amplitudes add together vectorially Positively.
Wave superposition If two waves are in the same place at the same time they superpose. This means that their amplitudes add together vectorially Positively.
LNF Seminar’ Frascati, Italy
Light Through a Single Slit
Interference of Light Waves
Interference Introduction to Optics Coherent source
Double Rainbow.
Chapter 35 The concept of optical interference is critical to understanding many natural phenomena, ranging from color shifting in butterfly wings to intensity.
Unit 2 Particles and Waves Interference
Diffraction and Interference
Holography Traditional imaging
Presentation transcript:

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Optical Holography M. JandaI. Hanák Department of Computer science and Engineering University of West Bohemia

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Outline o Introduction o Wave Optics o Principles o Optical holograms

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Holography What is not holography Holodeck from Startrek What is holography Photography on steroids Both amplitude and phase is recorded Different intensity in different directions Photo vs. Holo

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Holography – A Tase Of Principle Fundamental technology Diffraction grating – bends light Can be superposed Effect (bending) persists superposition Hologram  super complex diffraction grating Effect of diffraction grating on a direction of light

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Wave Nature of Light Light Light – El./Mag. radiation 300 – 800 nm A Bit of Mathematics u(p, t) = A(p)cos[2  t –  (p)] u(p, t) = R {A(p)exp[i (  (p) – 2  t)]} u(p, t) = A(p)exp[i  (p)]exp[-i2  t] Complex Amplitude u(p) = A(p)exp[i  (p)] ~ ~ Phasor

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Interference What is it? Combination of waves Adding two lights together causes dark! What is it exactly? Summation of complex amplitudes u f =u 1 + u 2 ~~~ Interference of two waves – constructive and destructive

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Interference Optical intensity Optical quality perceived by human eye Square of complex amplitude’s magnitude Mathematically I = |u| 2 = uu* Intensity of interference ~~~ This all is true only if coherent light is assumed. I = |u r + u s | 2 = |u r | 2 + |u s | 2 + u r u s + u r u s = I r + I s + 2  I 1 I 2 cos(  r –  s ) ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~**

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Coherence Purpose Neglect temporal dependence Coherence light -> stable interference Degree of coherence – interference fringes visibility What light is coherent Monochromatic – temporal coherence Coherence length Spherical waves – spatial coherence Coherence area Formal description Binary relation Cross correlation between two signals

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Diffraction - Again What exactly is diffraction Everything not being reflection or refraction Interference of many sources Scalar Diffraction Easier in certain environment Huygens-Fresnel principle More precise formulations Kirchhoff Rayleigh-Sommerfeld

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Diffraction – And Again

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Holography principle Recording Encoding phase and amplitude as interference fringe pattern Two beams interfering Reference beam – known properties Scene beam – recorded light field Complex diffraction grating is created – hologram

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Holography principle Recording Encoding phase and amplitude as interference fringe pattern Two beams interfering Reference beam – known properties Scene beam – recorded light field Complex diffraction grating is created – hologram Reconstructing Hologram illuminated with reference beam Diffraction occurs Resulting light field contains original scene beam

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Holography Principles in Pictures Recording Reconstruction

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms In-line Hologram Recording Reference, object, hologram aligned in line Mostly transparent and planar objects Lower spatial frequency Reconstruction Images disturbed by blurred counterparts and zero order Special setup: blurred image became background

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Off-axis Hologram Recording Non-zero angle between reference wave and object wave 3D opaque objects Higher spatial frequency Reconstruction Orders diffracted into different directions Clean original optical field

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Lens & Fourier Hologram Lens Different optical material: slowdown/diffraction of waves Use of thin lens: assumption on lack of diffraction Back focal plane = F {front focal plane} Fourier Hologram Recording through lens F {planar image} + F {point source} Reconstruction through lens Both virtual & real image in focus

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Other holograms Holographic Stereograms Recording of multiple views through slit Reconstruction: only single focus depth Rainbow Hologram 2 Stages of recording Record regular hologram Record rainbow hologram through slit Visible on white light: multiple color images Color Hologram Common hologram: rainbow due to diffraction 3 holograms + 3 wavelengths: larger gamut Achromatic holograms: holographic stereograms Overlapping/coplanar colors

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Physical Representations Thin Amplitude Hologram Zero and first order only First order: 6 % of energy Thin Phase Hologram Multiple orders First order: 33 % of energy Volume Hologram Multiple layers of fringes Reflective  transmission Sensitive only to selected wavelength

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Holography – A Tase Of Principle Fundamental technology Diffraction grating – bends light Can be superposed Effect (bending) persists superposition Hologram  super complex diffraction grating Effect of diffraction grating on a direction of light

Optical Holography Martin Janda, Ivo Hanák Introduction Wave Optics Principles Optical holograms Physical Representations Thin Amplitude Hologram Zero and first order only First order: 6 % of energy Thin Phase Hologram Multiple orders First order: 33 % of energy Volume Hologram Multiple layers of fringes Reflective  transmission Sensitive only to selected wavelength