The End of the Napoleonic Era

Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire  Impact of Nationalism- Napoleon now became seen as an oppressor of rights  Resistance in Spain –Guerilla Warfare- Hit-and-run raids, kept large # of French soldiers tied down in Spain  War with Austria

Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire  Defeat in Russia –More than 600,000 soldiers from France invaded Russia –Russians retreated –Napoleon had to return home b/c he could not feed his army through harsh Russian winter –Retreat home turned into battle for survival; only 200,000 survived

Downfall of Napoleon  Napoleon abdicated-stepped down from power –Exiled to Elba –Escapes exile & returns to France –Triumph is short-lived (100 days)  Battle of Waterloo- France is crushed by British & Prussians –Napoleon again forced into exile

Legacy of Napoleon  Napoleonic Code consolidated many changes of the Revolution  Many more citizens had rights to property & access to education  Still, French citizens lost many rights  Sparked nationalism across Europe  Doubled the size of the United States when he sold the Louisiana Territory

The Congress of Vienna  Congress of Vienna- Met to restore stability & order in Europe after years of revolution & war; create a lasting peace in Europe GOALACTION To prevent France from going to war again Strengthen countries around France  Add Belgium and Luxembourg to Holland to create the kingdom of the Netherlands  Give Prussia lands along the Rhine River  Allow Austria to take control of Italy again To return Europe to the way it was in 1792, before Napoleon Give power back to the monarchs of Europe To protect the new system and maintain peace Create the Concert of Europe, an organization to maintain peace in Europe