Company LOGO The Restoration of the Old Order The Post-Napoleonic Settlement

First Treaty of Paris, May Bourbons restored to the throne of France In the form of Louis XVIII 1.Bourbons restored to the throne of France In the form of Louis XVIII 2. France made to give-up all of its Conquests after France made to give-up all of its Conquests after France regained most of its overseas Colonies lost in the wars. 3. France regained most of its overseas Colonies lost in the wars. 4. France was not required to pay an Indemnity. 4. France was not required to pay an Indemnity. Louis XVIII

The Hundred Days Napoleon decides to attack the allies in Belgium. The British unde r Welli ngton & the Prus sians unde r Blucher defea t Napoleon at Wate rloo on June 18, Napoleon decides to attack the allies in Belgium. The British unde r Welli ngton & the Prus sians unde r Blucher defea t Napoleon at Wate rloo on June 18, Louis XVIII flees France to save himself. Napoleon promises new progressive refor ms and not to return to conquests. Allies don’t believe him and begin to move against him. Louis XVIII flees France to save himself. Napoleon promises new progressive refor ms and not to return to conquests. Allies don’t believe him and begin to move against him. Napoleon leaves Elba & lands in Southern France on March The Army ralli es around him. March 20 th he enters Paris in triumph. Napoleon leaves Elba & lands in Southern France on March The Army ralli es around him. March 20 th he enters Paris in triumph. Return Rule Waterloo The Allies again send Napoleon into exi le, thi s time on St. He lena in the So uth Atlantic He dies the re in The Allies again send Napoleon into exi le, thi s time on St. He lena in the So uth Atlantic He dies the re in Exile

The Congress of Vienna 1.Prevent France from pursuing further wars of aggression 1.Prevent France from pursuing further wars of aggression 2. Restore a balance of power in Europe with equality among states 2. Restore a balance of power in Europe with equality among states 3. Principle of Legitimacy – return To pre-revolution status quo. 3. Principle of Legitimacy – return To pre-revolution status quo. 4. Allies were to be rewarded for Victory and those defeated had To be punished. 4. Allies were to be rewarded for Victory and those defeated had To be punished. Congress met from September 1814 to June Great powers (Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria, and France) dominated the proceedings. Goals:

Statesmen at the Congress 1.Prince Klemens von Metternich - Austria’s foreign minister - Strong conservative advocate. 1.Prince Klemens von Metternich - Austria’s foreign minister - Strong conservative advocate. 2. Viscount Castlereagh of Britain - Supported Metternich 2. Viscount Castlereagh of Britain - Supported Metternich 3. Tsar Alexander I of Russia - Agreed with allies, pushed for control of Poland 3. Tsar Alexander I of Russia - Agreed with allies, pushed for control of Poland 4. Prince Karl von Hardenberg - Represented Prussia 4. Prince Karl von Hardenberg - Represented Prussia 5. Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand - Represented France 5. Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand - Represented France Metternich

Agreements 1.Principle of Legitimacy upheld. - Bourbons returned to power. 1.Principle of Legitimacy upheld. - Bourbons returned to power. 2. Holy Roman Empire was not Recreated – German Confederation 2. Holy Roman Empire was not Recreated – German Confederation 3. Britain and Austria oppose the Plan proposed by Prussia & Russia Over Poland and Saxony. 3. Britain and Austria oppose the Plan proposed by Prussia & Russia Over Poland and Saxony. 4. Russia and Prussia back down Each gets smaller amount of land. 4. Russia and Prussia back down Each gets smaller amount of land.

Territorial Settlement RussiaPrussiaAustriaBritain Russia gained land in Poland and retained Finland Acquired 2/5 of Saxony and territory in the Rhineland Lost Belgium to the Netherlands, gained land in Italy Acquired Cape Colony, Ceylon, Trinidad and Tobago and Malta

Second Treaty of Paris 1.Following Napoleon’s final defeat the Allies imposed a more Severe settlement on France 1.Following Napoleon’s final defeat the Allies imposed a more Severe settlement on France 2. France was reduced to the borders of France was reduced to the borders of French required to pay an Indemnity of 700 million francs to Allies. 3. French required to pay an Indemnity of 700 million francs to Allies. 4. Allies occupied 17 French forts For 5 years. 4. Allies occupied 17 French forts For 5 years.

Europe after Congress of Vienna 1815

The Alliance System Great Britain Prussia Russia Austria France Concert of Europe 1.The Holy Alliance - Russia, Prussia & Austria allied on “Christian” Principles 1.The Holy Alliance - Russia, Prussia & Austria allied on “Christian” Principles 2. Quadruple Alliance - With the addition of Britain, maintained alliance that fought France 2. Quadruple Alliance - With the addition of Britain, maintained alliance that fought France 3. Concert of Europe - Designed to maintain the system devised at the Congress of Vienna 3. Concert of Europe - Designed to maintain the system devised at the Congress of Vienna

Independence Movements Opposition to the Restored Order Revolt against Turkish rule in Greece – leads to independence in 1829 Revolts in Latin America lead to independence of most nations Belgium received independence from Holland after revolt in Revolts in Spain and Italy for liberal reforms, crushed by French & Austrians