NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Chapter 4 Review

EARLY YEARS  Born 15 August 1769 into a wealthy family  Educated in a military school  Rapidly promoted; commander of French army in Italy at 27 yrs. Promised Italian freedom from Austria Won battles to drive out Austrians; did NOT do as promised Funded army with art/jewelry stolen from Italy  Conquered Egypt in 1798 to cut off British trade routes with India Successfully conquered Egypt; not successful cutting off Britain

MAKING FRANCE STRONG  1799 – helped to overthrow the French government (“Directory”) Liberate other European countries, but own government = corrupt  Ordered reorganization of laws into “Napoleonic Code” Laws reflect values Equality, right to hold property, freedom of religion Women LOST their rights  Infrastructure -> employment, efficient transport of army  Filled museums with (stolen) art  Economy only seemed strong ($ stolen from other countries) France behind in industrial revolution

NAPOLEON THE EMPEROR  Became a tyrant, but understood importance of public perception  Censorship: Controlled media/law/education system to promote HIS values  Social values

NAPOLEON AND EUROPE  1800s, trying to expand empire, waged war with most of Europe  Britain = France’s greatest enemy Stop trade with Europe -> punishment to ports allowing Brit ships Britain barred US from trading with French Empire  Military victory = power “I wanted to rule the world, and in order to do this I needed unlimited power… I wanted to rule the world – who wouldn’t have in my place? The world begged me to govern it…”  Napoleon’s family become monarchs of surrounding countries French Revolution reaches Europeans Serfdom abolished; no inherited privileges for aristocrats; religious tolerance

THE RISE OF NATIONALISM  Nationalism – a sense of pride in one’s country Danger?  Middle Ages – identification with church/social class  Spain rebels placement of Napoleon’s brother as King Guerilla warfare – 5 years – loss of many soldiers  War declared on Russia (they resumed trade with Britain) Unsuccessful -> Napoleon’s decline

ABDICATION AND EXILE  Defeat in Russia damaged French empire  Lost battle of Leipzig Gave up throne -> exiled to Elba  Louis XVIII comes to power Wanted to reinstate Divine Right of Kings Napoleon returns and rebuilds army  The Battle of Waterloo

QUIZ TOMORROW!  In paragraph form, and with reference to what you have learned in chapter 4, answer the question below: What is Napoleon Bonaparte’s legacy? Was he a selfish and power hungry dictator, or did he bring positive changes to Europe/the World?