Chapter 23 “Ideologies and Upheavals” 1815-1850 AP EUROPEAN HISTORY MR. RICK PURRINGTON MARSHALL HIGH SCHOOL

Video: Intro to Socialism and Capitalism Sir Thomas More – 2. Socialism’s Desired Goal – 3. Adam Smith – 4. Bourgeoisie – 5. Proletariat – 6. Communism – 7. The Communist Manifesto – 8. Lenin’s Communism –

I. The Struggle between Capitalism and Socialism A I. The Struggle between Capitalism and Socialism A. Adam’s Smith’s Free Market Capitalism 1. laissez faire – gov’t hands off the economy 2. the “invisible hand” 3. all get chance to do what they do best 4. competition will bring greater quality, greater income for everyone B. Problems with Capitalism 1. selfish 2. competition creates winners and losers 3. furthers divisive class struggles 4. “right to work?”

“From each according to his ability, to each according to his need “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need." ~ Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto

C. Marxist Socialism 1. 1848 - Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write The Communist Manifesto a) “the bible” of socialism b) class struggles need to be eliminated c) industrialization has split classes more than ever: - bourgeoisie – upper middle class - proletariat – industrial working class - bourgeoisie profits = wages stolen from the proletariat d) Marx predicts a violent Proletarian Revolution - “The proletariat has nothing to lose but its chains.” Karl Marx

II. More Isms Emerge A. Nationalism – a feeling 1 II. More Isms Emerge A. Nationalism – a feeling 1. extreme patriotism, sense of duty for nation or ethnicity 2. Fostered by: - common culture, history, language, religion - common geography - common political beliefs - ‘us vs. them’ mentality often results and ‘they’ are often dehumanized

Europe in 1800

B. Liberalism – a political belief 1. advocates of change 2. advocated Enlightenment ideas: liberty, human rts, universal justice, etc. - ex. American and Fr Revolutions 3. limited government! - believed in very little economic or religious intervention into people’s lives

C. Conservatism – a political belief 1. advocates of the status quo 2. mostly aristocrats and nobles 3. the most educated are nobles, nobles should then rule 4. liberals bring violence and bloodshed 5. Prince Klemens von Metternich of Au – powerful conservative of 1800’s! Klemens von Metternich

III. Peace after Napoleon A. The European Balance of Power (BOP) 1 III. Peace after Napoleon A. The European Balance of Power (BOP) 1. 1815 - The Congress of Vienna - Metternich a) Quadruple Alliance Br, Pr, Ru, Au b) the goal – keep the BOP, create defensive strategies to withstand domination c) this “congress system” would now settle Eu disputes Napoleon’s Empire 1815

B. Metternich of Au – desired “peace and quiet” 1 B. Metternich of Au – desired “peace and quiet” 1. Liberalism caused the Fr Rev and bloodshed 2. Feared nationalism’s spread in Europe 3. 1815 - The Holy Alliance – Au, Pr, Ru a) this alliance was dedicated to: - the repression of liberal revolutionary movements in Eu - maintaining absolutism in Eu 4. 1819 - The Carlsbad Decrees – rooted out rebellious ideas in universities and newspapers

The Revolutions of 1848 A. Leading up to the Revolutions 1. Napoleon leaves Eu a mess in 1815 2. Industrialization is spreading 3. Potato famine in Ireland 4. Liberalism and Socialism were threatening the status quo B. Relative Stability in Br and Ru 1. Br -- Parliament is more welcoming of liberal ideas, middle class have a voice 2. Ru – no middle class, no revolution

C. Leading up to 1848 1. France - Louis XVIII rules after Napoleon and claimed to maintain Napoleonic Code - 1824 - Charles X restores absolutism, stripped voting rights, controlled press, etc - discontent! chaos! - Charles X flees - Louis-Philippe takes the throne, ignores the poor, “bourgeois monarchy” - 1848 – class injustice = discontent! - Louis-Philippe abdicates the throne - The Second Republic reigns - 1851 Louis Napoleon elected President Louis Napoleon

2. Austria 1848 - liberal, nationalistic ideas are spreading - Hungarians, Serbs, Croats, all want independence - Serfdom is abolished - Revolutions crushed by conservative Habsburg monarchy 3. Nationalistic unification of Italy and Germany

Europe 1900

Ayn Rand