1 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey CLEO-c & CESR-c: A New Frontier in Weak and Strong Interactions Ian Shipsey, co-spokesperson CLEO Collaboration Purdue University  D o D o, D o  K -  + K-K- K+K+ ++  The CLEO-c Physics Program Overview The CLEO-c Collaboration Carleton, Carnegie Mellon, Cornell, Florida, George Mason, Illinois, Kansas, Northwestern, Minnesota, Pittsburgh, Puerto Rico, Purdue, Rochester, RPI, SMU, Syracuse,Vanderbilt, Wayne State

2 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Flavor Physics: is in “the sin2  era” akin to precision Z. Over constrain CKM matrix with precision measurements. Limiting factor: non-pert. QCD. CLEO-c : the context Charm at threshold can provide the data to calibrate QCD techniques  “CLEO-c/CESR” LHC may uncover strongly coupled sectors in the physics that lies beyond the Standard Model The LC will study them. Strongly-coupled field theories are an outstanding challenge to theoretical physics. Critical need for reliable theoretical techniques & detailed data to calibrate them. This Decade The Future Example: The Lattice Complete definition of pert & non. Pert.QCD. Matured over last decade, can calculate to 1-5% B,D, ,  …

3 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey CLEO-c Physics Program What do we need to measure? flavor physics: overcome the non pert. QCD roadblock precision charm abs. branching ratio measurements (CLEO-c) CLEO-c: precise measurements of quarkonia spectroscopy & decay provide essential data to calibrate theory. D-mixing, CPV, rare decays. + measure strong phases CLEO-c helps build the tools to enable this decade’s flavor physics and the next decade’s new physics. Abs D hadronic Br’s normalize B physics Semileptonic decays: Vcs,Vcd,unitarity form factors Leptonic decays : decay constants Tests QCD techniques in c sector, apply to b sector  Improved Vub, Vcb, Vtd & Vts Physics beyond the Standard Model: strong coupling in Physics beyond the Standard Model Precision charm lifetimes Important Input for the lattice Exist (not CLEO-c)do not exist

4 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey  Vub/Vub 15% l B  l D   Vcd/Vcd 7% l D   Vcs/Vcs =16% l B D  Vcb/Vcb 5% BdBd BdBd  Vtd/Vtd =36% BsBs BsBs  Vts/Vts 39%  Vtb/Vtb 29%  Vus/Vus =1%   l  Vud/Vud 0.1% e p n t b W Goal for the decade: high precision measurements of V ub, V cb, V ts, V td, V cs, V cd, & associated phases. Over-constrain the “Unitarity Triangles” - Inconsistencies  New physics ! Many experiments will contribute. Measurement of absolute charm branching ratios at CLEO-c will enable precise 1 st column unitarity test & new measurements at Bfactories/Tevatron to be translated into greatly improved CKM precision. Precision Quark Flavor Physics CKM Matrix Current Status: N  c  W  cs

5 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Importance of measuring absolute charm leptonic branching ratios: f D & f Ds  V td & V ts ~5-7% Lattice predicts f B /f D & f Bs /f Ds with small errors if precision measurements of f D & f Ds existed (they do not) We could obtain precision estimates of f B & f Bs and hence precision determinations of V td and V ts Similarly f D /f Ds checks f B /f Bs 1.2% ~15% (LQCD) (LP03)

6 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey |f(q 2 )| 2 |V CKM | 2 I. Absolute magnitude & shape of form factors are a stringent test of theory. II. Absolute charm semileptonic rate gives direct measurements of V cd and V cs. III Key input to precise Vub vital CKM cross check of sin2  b c u d HQET l l 1) Measure D  form factor in D  l. Calibrate LQCD uncertainties. 2) Extract V ub at BaBar/Belle using calibrated LQCD calc. of B  form factor. 3) But: need absolute Br(D  l ) and high quality d  (D  l )/dE  neither exist   B D. Importance of absolute charm semileptonic decay rates.

7 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey The Importance of Precision Charm Absolute Branching Ratios I Stat: 3.0% Sys 4.2% theory 4.4% Dominant Sys:   slow, form factors As B Factory data sets grow, and theory improves dB(D  K  )/dB(D  K  )  dV cb /V cb =1.2% V cb from zero recoil in B  D*l + PRL 89 (2002) PRD 67, (2003) CLEO CLEO as example

8 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Understanding charm content of B decay (n c ) Precision Z  bb and Z  cc (R b & R c ) At LHC/LC H  bb H  cc The importance of precision absolute Charm BRs II HQET spin symmetry test Test factorization with B  DD s

9 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey CESR-c Being modified for low energy operation: wigglers added for transverse cooling Expected machine performance with full complement of wigglers  E beam ~ 1.2 MeV at J/  ss L (10 32 cm -2 s -1 ) 3.1 GeV GeV GeV3.6 CESR 1.3 x Unmodified CESR 1 day scan of the  : (1/29/02) L ~ 1 x  J/  J/   CESR-c

10 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey CLEO-c Run Plan & Status 2002: Prologue: Upsilons ~4 fb -1 at Y(1S),Y(2S),Y(3S) (combined) Spectroscopy, matrix element,  ee,  B h b times the existing world’s data (Nov 2001-Nov 2002) Fall 2004:  (3770) – 3 fb -1 (  (3770)  DD) 30 million DD 6 million tagged D decays BESIII assumes 5nb  all following CLEO-c speakers will use 10 nb & 5nb Fall 2005: MeV – 3 fb million D s D s events, 0.3 million tagged D s decays (480 x MARK III, 130 x BESII) C L E O c A 3 year program 2003: Installed 1 prototype wiggler spring ‘03 Took ~5 pb -1 at  (3770), 3 pb -1  (2S) Installed ½ production wigglers summer’03 9/03-1/04  (3770)  (2S,) continuum 54 pb pb pb -1 Install ½ production wigglers spring’04 Fall 2006:  (3100), 1 fb -1 –1 Billion J/  decays MACHINE CONVERSION exceeded goal Will show this data

11 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey 1.5 T  1.0T 93% of 4   p /p = dE/dx: 5.7% 93% of 4   E /E = = 83% of 4   % Kaon ID with 0.2%  85% of 4  For p>1 GeV Trigger: Tracks & Showers Pipelined Latency = 2.5  s Data Acquisition: Event size = 25kB Thruput < 6MB/s CLEO III Detector  CLEO-c Detector Minor modification: replaced silicon with low mass inner drift chamber summer ‘03

12 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey CLEO III Physics: Two Examples Good agreement: between CLEO BaBar & Belle 1 st new hadronic transition observed in  system in 20 years 1 st result (2001) DISCOVERY (2003): c b  1P  →  ¡  1S  M(       ) GeV Beam constrained Mass (GeV/c 2 ) CLEO III is well understood detector! hep-ex/ MC DATA HFAG

13 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Y(4S) event (2001)  (3770) event (2003)  (3770) events: simpler than Y(4S) events The demands of doing physics in the 3-5 GeV range are easily met by the existing detector. BUT: B Factories : 400 fb-1  ~500M cc by 2005, what is the advantage of running at threshold? Charm events produced at threshold are extremely clean Large , low multiplicity Pure initial state: no fragmentation Signal/Background is optimum at threshold Double tag events are pristine –These events are key to making absolute Br measurements Neutrino reconstruction is clean Quantum coherence aids D mixing & CP violation studies D o  K -  + D o  K + e -

14 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Tagging Technique, Tag Threshold CLEO-c simulation  (3770)  DD  s ~4140  D s D s Charm mesons have many large branching ratios (~1-15%) low multiplicity: high reconstruction efficiency  high net tagging efficiency ~20% ! D  K  tag. S/B ~5000/1 ! D s   (  KK) tag. S/B ~100/1 Beam constrained mass Anticipate 6M D tags 300K D s tags: MC Log scale! Log scale! In 1 year At Each  s

15 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Low background in hadronic tag modes Measure absolute Br (D  X) with double tags Br = # of X / # of D tags CLEO-c sets absolute scale for all heavy quark measurements MC Decay  s L Double PDG CLEOc fb -1 tags (  B/B %) (  B/B %) D 0  K -  , D +  K -  +  , D s  , Absolute Branching Ratios 50 pb -1  ~1,000 events x2 improvement (stat) on D +  K -  +  + PDG dB/B

16 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey DATA DATA* 5pb -1 (2003) Single tags: CLEO-c DATA Single tag are clean Preliminary *Before new inner drift Chamber installed *Before new inner drift chamber installed

17 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey DATA DATA* 5pb -1 (2003) Double tags: CLEO-c DATA Double tag events are clean Preliminary *Before new inner drift chamber installed  giving confidence in our MC simulations & estimates of precision

18 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Measure absolute Br ( D s   Fully reconstruct one D (tag) Require one additional charged track and no additional photons Ds  Ds   Vcs, (Vcd) known from unitarity to 0.1% (1.1%) D s  tag ReactionEnergy(MeV)L fb -1 PDGCLEO-c f Ds Ds+  Ds+   %1.9% f Ds Ds+  Ds+   %1.6% f D+ D+  D+   37703UL2.3% |f D | 2 |V CKM | 2 Compute MM 2 Peaks at zero for D s +    decay. Expect resolution of ~M  o MC f Ds from Absolute Br(D s    

19 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Semileptonic Decays |V CKM | 2 |f(q 2 )| 2 U = E miss - P miss Assume 3 generation unitarity: for the first time measure complete set of charm PS  PS & PS  V absolute form factor magnitudes and slopes to a few% with almost no background in one experiment. Stringent test of theory! Tagged Events Low Bkg! D 0  l D 0  Kl CLEO-c MC Lattice D 0  l CLEO-c MC

20 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Semileptonic Decays: DATA DATA* 5pb -1 (2003) *Before new inner drift chamber installed U = E miss - P miss D o  K +  - D o  K - e + K+ -- e+ K- Preliminary

21 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey CLEO-c Impact semileptonic dB/B CLEO-c PDG CLEO-c will make significant improvements in the precision with which each absolute charm semileptonic branching ratio is known Even with 50 pb -1 already accumulated CLEO-c will improve on the PDG value of dB/B for every D + and D 0 exclusive semileptonic and inclusive branching ratio. and will have ~x10 the statistics of the DELCO D  eX inclusive spectrum (important for B semileptonic decays studies).

22 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Determining Vcs and Vcd If theory passes the test….. combine semileptonic and leptonic decays eliminating V CKM  (D +  l  (D +  l  independent of Vcd Test rate predictions at ~4% Test amplitudes at 2% Stringent test of theory!  (D s  l  (D s  l  independent of Vcs Test rate predictions at ~ 4.5% Use CLEO-c validated lattice to calc. B semileptonic form factor, then B factories can use B  lv for precise Vub  Vcs /Vcs = 1.6% (now: 16%)  Vcd /Vcd = 1.7% (now: 7%) I II

23 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Unitarity Constraints |Vud| 2 + |Vus| 2 + |Vub| 2 = 1 ?? With current values this test fails at ~2  (PDG2002) |Vcd| 2 + |Vcs| 2 + |Vcb| 2 = 1 ?? CLEO –c: test to ~3% (if theory D  K/  l  good to few %) & 1 st column: |Vud| 2 + |Vcd| 2 + |Vtd| 2 = 1 ?? with similar precision to 1 st row Compare ratio of long sides to 1.3% Also major contributions to Vub, Vcb, Vtd, Vts. |VubVcb*| |VudVcd*| |VusVcs*|

24 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey PDG Compare B factories & CLEO-c CLEO-c 3 fb -1 Statistics limited BFactory 400 fb -1 Systematics & Background limited  M=M(  M(  GeV/c CLEO: f D S : D S *  D S  with D S  bkgd S/N~14 B Factory CLEO technique with improvements CLEO-c % Error D S  MC

25 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey CLEO-c Probes of New Physics D mix & DCPV suppressed in SM – all the more reason to measure them DD mixing x =  m/  y =  /2   (3770)  DD(C = -1) exploit coherence, no DCSD.  (4140)  DD (C = +1)  r D =  [ (x 2 +y 2 )/2] < 95%CL (K  K , Kl,Kl ) CP violating asymmetries Sensitivity: A cp < 0.01 Unique:L=1,C=-1 CP tag one side, opposite side same CP CP=±1   (3770)  CP=±1 = CPV CP eigenstate tag X flavor mode K + K -  D CP   (3770)  D CP  K -  + Measures strong phase diff. CF/DCSD  cos  ~0.05. Crucial input for B factories Needed for  in B  DK Gronau, Grossman, Rosner hep-ph/ y’= ycos  -xsin  x’= xcos  +ysin  Rare charm decays. Sensitivity: CP Dalitz analyses ex: D  K s  may provide greater CPV reach

26 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey  and  Spectroscopy –Masses, spin fine structure Leptonic widths for S-states. –EM transition matrix elements  resonances complete~ 4 fb -1 total Uncover new forms of matter –gauge particles as constituents –Glueballs G=|gg  Hybrids H=|gqq  Probing QCD Study fundamental states of the theory J/  running fall J/  Confinement, Relativistic corrections Wave function Tech: f B,K  B K f D{s) Form factors  Verify tools for strongly coupled theories  Quantify accuracy for application to flavor physics Rich calibration and testing ground for theoretical techniques  apply to flavor physics The current lack of strong evidence for these states is a fundamental issue in QCD  Requires detailed understanding of ordinary hadron spectrum in GeV mass range.

27 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Gluons carry color charge: should bind! CLEO-c 1 st high statistics experiment with modern 4  detector covering GeV mass range. Radiative  decays:ideal glue factory: (60 M J/  X) Gluonic Matter X  c c¯ But, like Jim Morrison, glueballs have been sighted too many times without confirmation. f J (2220)     Example: Narrow state in inclusive  Exclusive: corroborating checks: Anti-search in  : /Search in  (1S) CLEO-c Shown B(fJ(2220)  K+ K-)= Sensitivity 5  B(fJ(2220)  K + K - )= Sensitivity B( J/  X)~10 -4

28 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Crucial Validation of Lattice QCD: Lattice QCD will be able to calculate with accuracies of 1-2%. The CLEO-c decay constant and semileptonic data will provide a “golden,” & timely test. QCD & charmonium data provide additional benchmarks. CLEO-c Physics Impact Imagine a world Where we have theoretical mastery of non- perturbative QCD at the 2% level B Factories only ~2005 Assumes theory errors reduced by x2

29 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Crucial Validation of Lattice QCD: Lattice QCD will be able to calculate with accuracies of 1-2%. The CLEO-c decay constant and semileptonic data will provide a “golden,” & timely test. QCD & charmonium data provide additional benchmarks. (E2 Snowmass WG) CLEO-c Physics Impact Imagine a world where we have theoretical mastery of non- perturbative QCD at the 2% level B Factories only ~2005 Assumes Theory Errors reduced by x2 Theory errors = 2%

30 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey The potential to observe new forms of matter- glueballs & hybrids, and new physics D mixing/CPV/rare provides a discovery component to the program Knowledge of absolute charm branching fractions is now contributing significant errors to measurements involving beauty quarks. CLEO-c can also resolve this problem in a timely fashion Improved Knowledge of CKM elements, which is now not very good. CLEO-c Physics Impact VcdVcsVcbVubVtdVts 7%16%5%15%36%39% 1.7%1.6%3% 5% B Factory/Tevartron Data & CLEO-c Lattice Validation CLEO-c data and LQCD PDG

31 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey The CLEO-c Program: Summary Powerful physics case Precision flavor physics – finally Nonperturbative QCD – finally Probe for New Physics This suite of measurements can only be performed with the requisite precision at a facility operating at charm threshold Optimal timing LQCD maturing allows Flavor physics to reach its full potential this decade Beyond the SM in next decade The most comprehensive & in depth study of non-perturbative QCD yet in particle physics Direct: Vcs Vcd & tests QCD techniques aids BABAR/Belle/ CDF/D0/BTeV/LHC-b with Vub,Vcb,Vtd,Vts First results from  (3770) data in next few months

32 BESIII/CLEO-c Workshop 1/13/03 Ian Shipsey Thank-you for the warm welcome, the hospitality, and the discussions we will share over the next three days. On behalf of the CLEO Collaboration: Both BES and CLEO have a great particle physics tradition. We are delighted to be part of this workshop which is a wonderful opportunity to learn from each other as we both embark on our journey to a new frontier in our understanding of the weak and strong interactions