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Presentation transcript:

X-Efficiency

Entrepreneurship - Schumpeter on Entrepreneurship 1 In this treatment the entrepreneur was an implied but unspecified actor, but it is consistent with the concept of the entrepreneur being the agent of x- efficiency.

Experience curve effects 1 In management, models of the 'learning curve effect' and the closely related 'experience curve effect' express the relationship between equations for experience and x-efficiency|efficiency or between efficiency gains and investment in the effort.

Economic competition 1 and encouraging x- efficiency|efficiency

X-efficiency 1 The Xistence of X-Efficiency, American Economic Review 66(1): [ 4963?uid= uid=2uid=4uid= sid= ]

Lange model - Advantages 1 Furthermore, because the state uses marginal cost pricing and determines entry, monopolies, and the accompanying lack of allocative efficiency and x- inefficiency|x-efficiency can be avoided under Langean socialism.

Virtuous circle and vicious circle - Virtuous circle 1 This could lead to reduced costs and improved x- efficiency|production efficiencies

Competitors - Economics and business 1 [ cle?id=pde2008_C000261q=competitionto picid=result_number=6 Abstract.] and encouraging x-efficiency|efficiency

Exchange-traded fund - Taxation 1 Although they do not get all the tax advantages, they get an additional advantage from tax loss harvesting any capital losses from net redemptions.[ eygo.com/vanguard-etfs-have-different-tax- considerations-than-other-etfs/ Vanguard ETFs have Different Tax Considerations Than Other ETFs] (December 29, 2009).[ management/etf-tax-efficiency ETF Tax Efficiency] (December 29, 2009).

Harvey Leibenstein 1 'Harvey Leibenstein' (1922 – February 28, 1994) was a Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian-born American Jews|American Jewish economist. One of his most important contributions to economics was the concept of x-efficiency.

Harvey Leibenstein 1 x-efficiency in American Economic Review

Harvey Leibenstein 1 The concept of x- efficiency is also used in the theory of bureaucracy.

Harvey Leibenstein - Selected Publications 1 * 1966, Allocative Efficiency vs. X-Efficiency, The American Economic Review, Vol. LVI., June

Harvey Leibenstein - Selected Publications 1 * 1978, General X-Efficiency Theory and Economic Development, New York: Oxford University Press

Harvey Leibenstein - Selected Publications 1 * 1979, “The General X-Efficiency Paradigm and the Role of the Entrepreneur”. in: Mario Rizzo (ed.), Time, Uncertainty, and Disequilibrium. Lexington: Heath 1979,

For More Information, Visit: m/the-x-efficiency-toolkit.html m/the-x-efficiency-toolkit.html The Art of Service