Kingdom Protista Placed into this kingdom by exclusion… because they are not part of any other Not quite plant, animals, fungi or bacteria, though they share some characteristics of those Most are unicellular, some multi Most are heterotrophic, some auto Reproduce sexually (conjugation) and asexually (binary fission) Classified by how they move and/or what kingdom they are like

Animal-like protists Also called protozoa Live in water/moist soil and feed on smaller organisms (bacteria, protists) Phylum protozoa Amoeboid movement…cytoplasm moves forward in a pseudopod (false foot) and pulls rest of body that way e.g. amoeba, foraminiferans, radiolarians e.g. Entamoeba histolytica…amebiasis

Amoeba

Radiolarians

Foraminiferans

Animal-like protists Phylum Ciolophora Move by cilia…small hairs that beat in rhythm Cilia move food into an oral groove that ends in a food vacuole Remove water from cell by contractile vacuole 2 nuclei: Macronucleus…controls functions Micronucleus…used during conjugation

Paramecium

Paramecium reproduction Paramecia conjugating: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5c_Vhb0vBVw

Animal-like protists Phylum Sarcomastigophora Phylum Apicomplexa Move by flagella…long whip like tail e.g. trypanosome (African Sleeping Sickeness), Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis Phylum Apicomplexa Don’t move, all are parasites Named for apical complex…specialized structures used to enter host e.g. toxoplasma, cryptosporidium, plasmodium (malaria)

Trypanosome (sleeping sickness)

Plasmodium (malaria)

Plant-like protists All are autotrophic and photosynthetic Most live in water and have a flagellum at some point in their life Algae…classified by pigments used for photosynthesis and color Green algae: what you think of as “algae” Brown algae: seaweed and kelp Diatoms: live in soil Dinoflagelates: bioluminesce (make own light) Euglenoids: Euglenas: have a light detecting area called an eye spot.

Dinoflagellates

Euglena Euglena http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z01EUaUd3E4

Diatoms

Spirogyra

Volvox http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8O4OolGcPg

Fungus-like protists Reproduce using spores contained in a fruiting body like fungi do Slime molds and water molds

Impact on humans Good: Bad: Create oxygen (plantlike)/carbon cycle Basis of food chain, especially aquatic Symbiotic relationships, e.g. coral colors Research: chemotaxis (cell movement) Food: seaweed Bad: Algae blooms: use up all oxygen Diseases (specific ones mentioned earlier)

Movies Paramecia conjugating: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5c_Vhb0vBVw Close up contractile vacuoule http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG6Dd3COug4 Amoeba moving: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRymTNuPi2M Euglena http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z01EUaUd3E4 Volvox http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8O4OolGcPg Amoeba eating http://wolfbat359.com/phagocytosis1.mov