Kingdom Protista Chapter 20

Kingdom Protista – “Catch all”  Eukaryotes  Unicellular and Multicellular  Autotrophic or heterotrophic  Some have cell walls  Many have structures specific for movement.

Types of Protists  Animal like Protists  Plant like Protists  Funguslike Protists

Animal-like Protists  Typically heterotrophic, motile, unicellular  Live in water but can be found in moist soil  Grouped by method of locomotion

Phylum Zoomastigina: Zooflagellates  Move by flagella  Live symbiotically Examples:- 1.Trichonympha collaris – termites 2.Tyrpanosoma brucei – tsetse fly cause sleeping sickness

Sarcodines Amoeba  Unicellular  Move by psuedopods “false foot”  Feed by phagocytosis  Can cause dysentery

Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates Paramecium  Use cilia for feeding and movement.  Discharge trichocysts to disable prey  Reproduce sexually and asexually

Phylum Sporozoa  Nonmotile parasites  Form spores Example:-  Plasmodium vivax causes malaria  Infected female Anopheles mosquito  Cells bursts, high fever and severe chills

Malaria

Plantlike Protists  Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight.

Gullet Chloroplast NucleusEyespotFlagella Carbohydrate storage bodies Pellicle Contractile vacuole Euglenophytes: Euglena Unicellular Moves by flagella Heterotrophic or autotrophic LABEL IN YOUR NOTES!

Diatoms  Produce cell walls rich in silica (Si – the main ingredient in glass)

Dinoflagellates  Half are photosynthetic and the other half are heterotrophic.  Two flagella that cause it to spin like a top  Warm surface waters cause “blooms”  Red tide can paralyze humans

Plant like Protists - Algae  Live in water and photosynthesize (produce much of the earths oxygen)  Named for the type of chlorophyll and accessory pigments they contain - Green, golden brown, brown, and red  Produce food that maintain communities in oceans and fresh water  Chemicals from algae are used to make plastics, waxes, paints, deodorant. Also used to make ice-cream, salad dressing, pudding, or a candy bar.

Red, Brown, and Green Algae Red Algae:- live at great depths due to their efficiency in harvesting light energy. Red algae contain chlorophyll a and reddish accessory pigments called phycobilins. Brown algae:- contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin. Green Algae:- share many characteristics with plants, including their photosynthetic pigments and cell wall composition.

Unicellular Green Algae Chlamydomonas  Chlamydomonas Colonial Green Algae Volvox Filamentous Green Algae Spirogira Multicellular Green Algae

Fungus like Protist  Lack chlorophyll  Absorb dead and decaying organic matter.  Not classified as true fungi as they do not contain chitin their cell walls. Examples:- 1)Slime molds are fungus like protists that play key roles in recycling organic material 2)Oomycetes thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water and are plant parasites on land.