13 Colonies Review

Answer >> Why did settlers leave England to establish colonies in the New World?

To gain wealth through land and natural resources. Two Primary Reasons: To escape religious persecution and establish settlements/colonies where they could practice their own religion.

What are the three types of colonies established? Answer >>

The monarch gave control of the land and its settlers to a business. Corporate Colony: Proprietary Colony: Royal/Crown Colony: Control was given to a proprietor (owner) or group of proprietors (owners). The monarch kept control, usually through appointed officials. By 1752 many colonies had been changed to a Royal Colony.

Colonial “regions” (N.E., Middle, Southern) developed based on ______________. Answer >>

The area’s climate and resources N.E. – wet, cold, hilly rocky: small self- sustaining farms, fishing, logging Middle – a little longer growing season, some cash crops grown (wheat & rye), good harbors were plentiful so shipping and shipbuilding were significant industries. Fur trading also developed in this region. Southern – warm climate, rich soil: perfect for large- scale farming. Large plantations developed growing major cash crops such as indigo, tobacco, and rice.

New England What was the geography of the New England Colonies like and how did this effect their industry and way of life? Answer >>

The New England colonies were hilly and rocky, and the climate was wet and cool. This made large-scale farming difficult. Although, many colonists were self- sufficient farmers. Because of the available water and forests, fishing, ship building, and logging were the major industries in these colonies.

Who were the Puritans? Why did they leave England? Answer >>

The Puritans came to the New World seeking religious freedom. They wanted to purify the Church of England. They wanted to do away with the fancy adornments and ceremonies. The Puritan colony was named the Massachusetts Bay Colony and their main settlement was in the city of Boston.

Who led the Puritans to the New World? Answer >>

John Winthrop

Name four key problems that the Puritan’s “Holy Experiment” community had. Answer >>

1.Although they left England to escape religious intolerance, they themselves were intolerant of any other views than their own. 2.They allowed slavery 3.Conflicts arose between the Puritans and the Native Americans 4.The Salem Witch Trials – those accused of practicing witchcraft were subjected to trials and hangings.

What does the word intolerant mean? Answer >>

Not accepting of ideas or behaviors different from one’s own.

Answer >> What does the word persecution mean?

Unjust treatment

Name three people that left Massachusetts due to religious intolerance. Name their settlements as well. Answer >>

Roger Williams – Providence, Rhode Island Thomas Hooker – Hartford, Connecticut Anne Hutchinson – moved to Rhode Island

Who were the Separatists? What did they believe? What struggles did they endure? Answer >>

Separatists left England to begin their own church. They wanted to separate completely from the Church of England. They were blown off course and landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Were not prepared for the climate, nor used to the area, so they struggled to survive.

Who helped the Separatists? Answer >>

Squanto, Massassoit, and Samoset were Native Americans that helped the Separatists learn how to survive in their new environment.

Who founded Providence, Rhode Island? Answer >>

Roger Williams was a dissenter (a person whose views are different from those of his or her leaders) and was forced to leave Massachusetts.

Who was the governor of the Plymouth Colony? Answer >>

William Bradford Was elected as the governor of the pilgrim’s Plymouth Colony after the death of John Carver.

What was the Mayflower Compact? Answer >>

The Mayflower Compact was established as a new set of laws/rules to govern the pilgrims (Separatists) once they realized they were no longer under British laws.

The “Lost Colony” was named _______ and established by_______. Answer >>

The “Lost Colony” was named Roanoke and was established by Sir Walter Raleigh.

Middle Colonies What was the geography of the Middle Colonies like and how did this effect their industry and way of life? Answer >>

The Middle Colonies had a more moderate climate and were resource rich: Fur Trade Farming – wheat and rye were grown as a cash crop Shipping/Ship-Building (many good harbors) Manufacturing

Who first settled the Middle Colonies? Answer >>

The Dutch, but England later took over the area.

The Quakers were also known as… Answer >>

“The Society of Friends”

The Middle Colonies were more tolerant of different religions because… Answer >>

…they were settled by a diverse group of people: Dutch, Germans, Quakers… (refer to your notes & text for a complete list of people groups that settled this area)

The Quakers believed in… Answer >>

…equal rights for all. They opposed slavery They had good relationships with the Native Americans Therefore: They welcomed all religions

Answer >> The Quakers were led by _________and founded the colony of ___________

The Quakers were led by William Penn and founded the colony of Pennsylvania (“Penn’s Woods).

Penn’s capital was called __________ and meant __________. Answer >>

Penn’s capital was named Philadelphia and meant “City of Brotherly Love.”

Who founded the colony of Maryland? Answer >>

Lord Baltimore

What was the main religious group in Maryland? Answer >>

Catholic

Who founded the thirteenth colony of Georgia? What was its purpose? Answer >>

Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe for debtors and the poor

The House of Burgesses was located where, who were the members, and what did they do? Answer >>

The House of Burgesses is in Virginia, its members were free, male landowners assembled to vote on matters such as: taxes to make new laws setting the price of tobacco

Who was the leader of Virginia? Answer >>

John Smith

What was the official religion of Virginia? Answer >>

Anglicanism (Church of England)

Describe the Great Awakening and how it affected religious tolerance … Answer >>

1.Protestants had new ideas and emphasized strong emotions, rather than difficult ideas. 2.People became more interested in religion and joined new religious groups (like Baptists and Methodists). 3.Some religions reached out to African Americans. 4.Growth of such groups led to greater acceptance of different faiths in colonies.

Who were some of the leaders (preachers) of the Great Awakening? Answer >>

George Whitefield Jonathan Edwards Gilbert Tennent Samuel Davies

What was the town common in New England colonies? Answer >>

An open space in center where cattle and sheep could graze.

What was the free- market economy and why did it grow in the New England and Middle colonies? Answer >>

A system in which prices are NOT controlled by the government Towns in Middle colonies were busy trading centers, where farmers came to sell their crops and buy items, like clothing and tools.

What is the difference between indentures servants and enslaved people? Answer >>

 Indentured servants agree to work for an amount of time (like 5-7 years) in exchange for housing, food, and voyage to America  Enslaved people are considered property and can be bought and sold.

What was the geography of Southern colonies and how did that effect their industry and way of life? Answer >>

1.Warm climate and rich soil 2.Had plantations (large farms) with many workers who lived on the land they worked. 3.Slavery increased because plantations grew 4.Plantation owners supported slavery because they needed them to work the land.

Why did early settlements need governments? Were they a true democracy? … Explain Answer >>

To help solve problems and make rules They were NOT a true democracy because only men who owned property could vote British passed laws for colonies without their knowledge or representation

Name four things that enslaved people did to rebel against their situation. Answer >>

1.Worked slowly 2.Ran away 3.Bought their own freedom 4.Fight back

What did the French, Spanish, and English focus on when they settled in the colonies? Answer >>

French French – trade with several Indian groups Spanish Spanish – agriculture (plantations) and used enslaved people English English – agriculture (plantations) and various trades

Name 5 people who were influential in developing the colonies and why. Answer >>

John Smith - leader of Virginia William Penn - founder of Pennsylvania and created a colony of religious tolerance John Winthrop – led the Puritans Roger Williams – dissenter of Puritans and founded Providence, Rhode Island Anne Hutchinson – founded colony in Rhode Island Thomas Hooker – founded Hartford, Connecticut William Bradford – governor of Plymouth James Oglethorpe – founded Georgia (debtors/poor) George Whitefield – leader of the Great Awakening