1 Societal and Individual Impacts  Future Interfaces  New devices: portable, inexpensive, small, wearable, mobile, personal, robotic  Context-aware devices  Perceive user needs Small medical sensors that monitor health Hidden detectors that protect from dangers  Visual, aural, tactile, gestural interaction  Universal usability to facilitate Voting Crime reporting  Biometric identification to reduce the chance of terrorism

2 Societal and Individual Impacts  Ten plagues of the information age  Anxiety: overcoming fear of technology  Alienation: less direct connection with others  Information-poor minority: affordable technology for all  Impotence of the individual: lack of receiving assistance from an individual  Bewildering complexity and speed  Organizational fragility: over-dependence on technology  Invasion of privacy  Unemployment and displacement  Lack of professional responsibility: organizations responding impersonally and denying responsibility for issues (e.g., blame it on the computer)  Deteriorating image of people

3 Societal and Individual Impacts  Strategies for preventing the plagues  Human-centered participatory design: include users in the design process  Organizational support: user support with interviews and focus groups  Job design: avoiding the electronic sweatshop  Education: continuing education and on-the-job training  Feedback and Rewards: reward users for detecting problems, and provide feedback on the problem resolution  Legislation: laws related to privacy, rights of access and computer crime Verisign

4 Societal and Individual Impacts  Who invented the internet?  J. C. R. Licklider – A Psychologist  BA in physics, math and psychology  MA in psychology  PhD in psychoacoustics  MIT associate professor established a psychology program for engineering students  Head of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) at ARPA (the birthplace of the internet)  Received the Franklin V. Taylor Award from the Society of Engineering Psychologists

5 Societal and Individual Impacts  Licklider's ideas contribution to the development of the Internet  He foresaw the need for networked computers with easy UIs  His ideas foretold  graphical computing  point-and-click interfaces  digital libraries  e-commerce  online banking  Man-Computer Symbiosis

6 Societal and Individual Impacts  Licklider - Man-Computer Symbiosis  Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)  Specified the need for simpler interaction between computers and users  Vision: "Men will set the goals, formulate the hypotheses, determine the criteria, and perform the evaluations.”  Computing machines will do the routinizable work that must be done to prepare the way for insights and decisions in technical and scientific thinking."

7 Societal and Individual Impacts  Licklider - Global computer network  "Intergalactic Computer Network" concept (1962)  These ideas contained almost everything that the Internet is today  “It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or 15 years hence, a 'thinking center' that will incorporate the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval. The picture readily enlarges itself into a network of such centers, connected to one another by wide-band communication lines and to individual users by leased-wire services.”  His paper The Computer as a Communication Device (1968) describes his vision of network applications

8 Societal and Individual Impacts  From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)  Access to information while viewing a presentation

9 Societal and Individual Impacts  From J. C. R. Licklider The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)  Vision of ?  Vision of eHarmony? “The most compelling reason for most people to buy a computer for the home will be to link it to a nationwide communications network. We’re just in the beginning stages of what will be a truly remarkable breakthrough for most people––as remarkable as the telephone.” [Steve Jobs in Playboy, Feb. 1, 1985] 17 years after the paper by Licklider

10 Societal and Individual Impacts  From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)  Vision of Texting?

11 Societal and Individual Impacts  From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)  Vision or Spam?

12 Societal and Individual Impacts  From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)  Vision IM Blocking?

13 Societal and Individual Impacts Gartner Group – 2011 Predictions  Cloud Computing  Mobile Applications and Media Tablets  Social Communications and Collaboration  Video  Next Generation Analytics  Social Analytics  Context-Aware Computing  Storage Class Memory  Ubiquitous Computing

14 Societal and Individual Impacts “The problem is I’m older now, I’m 40 years old, and this stuff doesn’t change the world. It really doesn’t. We’re born, we live for a brief instant, and we die. It’s been happening for a long time.” -- Steve Jobs

15 Societal and Individual Impacts  “Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.  If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle.” [Stanford commencement speech, June 2005] -- Steve Jobs

16 Societal and Individual Impacts “The most exciting breakthroughs of the 21st century will not occur because of technology but because of an expanding concept of what it means to be human” -- John Naisbitt  “The World in 2030" by Dr. Michio Kaku 6MY