Great scientists Unit 1

expert attend physician expose cure challenge adj. 熟练的 ; 经验丰富的 n. 专家 ; 行家 vt. 照顾 ; 出席 ; 参加 n. 医生；内科医师 vt. 暴露 ; 揭露 ; 使曝光 n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗 n. 挑战 vt. 向 …… 挑战 Words preview

victim absorb suspect enquiry neighbourhood severe pump n. 受害者 vt. 吸收 ; 吸引 ; 使专心 vt. 怀疑 n. 被怀疑者 ; 嫌疑犯 n. 询问 n. 附近 ; 邻近 adj. 严重的 ; 严厉的 n. 泵 ; 抽水机 vt. ( 用泵 ) 抽 ( 水 ) Words preview

foresee blame pollute handle link announce instruct vt. 预见 ; 预知 vt. 责备 ; 谴责 n. 过失 ; 责备 vt. 污染 ; 弄脏 n. 柄 ; 把手 vt. 处理 ; 操纵 vt. & n. 连接；联系 vt. 宣布 ; 通告 vt. 命令 ; 指示 ; 教导 Words preview

JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” Reading

Skimming to get general ideas

Reading Tips 在阅读每个段落时，要注意 综合运用略读 (skimming) 与扫读 (scanning) 这两种方法。

After reading the passage, match the following stages with the paragraphs. Skimming Reading Comprehension I

Stages Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question Find a problem Analyze the results Find supporting evidence

Para.Stages in an experiment Find a problem Make a question Think of a method Collect results Analyse the results Draw a conclusion Find supporting evidence Paragraphs & Stages

First we should find the problem. Then, think of a method. We should collect as much information as possible. Analyzing results is the most important stage. Before we make a conclusion, it is necessary for us to find supporting evidence. Summary

Skimming Reading Comprehension II What’s the main idea of the passage? A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. B. The cause of Cholera was polluted water. C. The source of all drinking water should be examined. D. How John Snow collected, analysed data and found the cause of the disease and defeated the disease.

Careful reading to solve difficult points

1. attend v. (1) to take care; give attention 注意；留意 如 : We’ll attend to the solution of that problem later. (2) to take good care of (a sick person, for example) 照看；照料 如 :

The doctor attended the patients. 医生照看病人。 attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座 attend church 去教堂 attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼 (3) to be present at 出席 ; 到场 如 :

2. exposed adj. 暴露的； 无掩蔽的 expose to 使易受 ; 使受 expose sth to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局 exposedness n. 暴露；显露

3. absorb v. (1) 吸收 ( 液体 ); 承受 ; 承担 我们不能承担这些费用。 We’ll not absorb these charges. (2) 使专心；使全神贯注 作家全神贯注地进行写作，忘了弹去雪 茄烟的烟灰。 The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.

We were ready to take the blame for what had happened. 4. blame v. 责备 ; 谴责 The driver was not to blame for the accident. 这次事故怪不着司机。 n. 过失 ; 责备 我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。

Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime. 指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。 5. linked to 把 …… 与 …… 连接 ; 联系 be linked to 连接 The two towns are linked by a railway.

Find out the main idea of each paragraph: John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera. He got interested in two theories explaining. He needed to prove the second theory was correct. He found out that dirty water was the cause of cholera. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 Para. 5 Para. 6 Polluted water carried the disease. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.

Scanning to get detail information

Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened. ___ John Snow began to test two theories. ___ An outbreak of cholera hit London in ___ John Snow marked the deaths on a map. Scanning Reading Comprehension III

___ He announced that the water carried the disease. ___ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe. ___ King Cholera was defeated. ___ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump. ___ He had the handle removed from the water pump. Answer:

Scanning Reading Comprehension IV 1.Why couldn’t the cholera be controlled at first? A. Its speed of spreading was so fast. B. Its cause wasn’t understood C. Its cure wasn’t understood. D. Both B. & C. 2. How many people died in 10 days? A. Less than 500. B. More than 500. C. More than 450. D. Less than 450.

Answer these questions. 1 John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it? 2 Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason. 3 Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? Scanning Reading Comprehension V

What should you do if you're travelling to a country that has a cholera outbreak? Drink only water that you have boiled. Other safe drinks include tea or coffee made with boiled water, bottled beverages with no ice. Discussion

Eat only food that's been thoroughly cooked and is still hot, or fruit that you've peeled yourself. Avoid undercooked or raw fish and shellfish. Avoid raw salads and vegetables. Avoid food and drinks from street vendors. TIPS

1.The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. (2007 上海卷 ) A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed

2. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. (2007 全国 II 卷 ) A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close

3. Please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (2008 辽宁卷 ) A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated

Homework 1. Read the text again and underline some important phrases and difficult sentences. 2. Find more information about John Snow and cholera.