 Draw Italian Peninsula (Italy) and label Rome (on your warm-up sheet!) (turn to page 175)

 You will need to share your slice of pizza with your classmates. (I will group you …)  Get out a sheet of notebook paper and set it up like this: Roman Culture Entertainment Society Art Architecture Science and Engineering New ideas in Science You will share information and take notes! 3

 Columns and arches  Aqueducts =transport water!!  Long stone channels to carry clean water from nearby hills to the city  Each time a new city was conquered, a road was built from that city back to Rome.  The Romans built road signs called milestones, which told how far it was back to Rome.

 Paterfamilias = the dominant male in the family (think patriarchal)  Early on in Rome, husbands had absolute authority over their wife  By the 2 nd century A.D., Roman women had more freedoms (but they still couldn’t be in politics)

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 Slaves were taken from the conquered regions  Many Greeks were taken as slaves and took on jobs such as…  What’s so special about the Greeks?

 Gods and Goddesses  polytheistic

 Polytheistic  Emperors became gods  Conquered peoples adopted these new gods What about those who were monotheistic? What group of people were monotheistic at this time?

 Main language = Latin  Lingua franca = Greek  How has Latin influenced languages of the world today?

These are called the “Romance languages”

 Silk road – route between Roman Empire and China so-called because silk was China’s most valuable product

Rise of Rome: 8  Rome: Underground Rome: Underground  NYSU NYSU

 According to the video, why was Caesar assassinated?

Essential Question: What led to the rise of Rome?

 Ancient Rome began as a group of villages along the Tiber River in what is now Italy.  Around 750 B.C. these villages united to form the city of Rome.  The early Romans were ruled by kings  Rome grew quickly as a cultural and trade center on the Italian peninsula.

 In 509 B.C., the Romans established a republic  Republic – a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader (such as a president) rather than by a king or queen

PATRICIANSPLEBEIANS  Ruling class  Great landowners  Only patricians served in Senate (lawmakers) and held public office  Majority of the people  Small landowners, craftspeople, merchants, farmers  Eventually gained more say-so

 Why wasn’t Rome a true democracy?  Only Patricians could be elected to government office and serve in the Senate

 B.C. Rome gained territory through conquests =  empire – a large political unit, usually under a single leader, that controls many peoples or territories

 Under the leadership of ambitious generals, Rome’s highly trained soldiers took over most of the land surrounding the Mediterranean.

 A successful Roman general and famous speaker, Julius Caesar, was a governor of the territory of Gaul and managed to take control of many nearby territories.  Fearing him the Roman Senate ordered him to resign…but he had other ideas.  45 BC - Julius Caesar became dictator, ending the Roman Republic

 Less than a year after gaining power a group of angered Senators stabbed Caesar to death on the floor of the Roman Senate. (March 15, 44 B.C.)  ieOLO33KFA ieOLO33KFA  This caused a civil war that lasted several years.

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 After Caesar’s assassination, fights for power took place…  His nephew Octavian eventually gained power  given the title Augustus by the Senate  also given the title “imperator” – What modern English word comes from this?  Emperor

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AD 96 – AD 180  Rome reached a period of peace and prosperity  The empire reached its height in 200 A.D.

 How do you think you did on the PSAT?

 Read the section at the top of your handout to answer the following questions: 1. True or False: There is one theory that explains why Rome fell. 2. How do most present-day historians look at the end of Rome? 3. List one of the three heirs to Rome.

 Complete the following after your thesis has been checked:  Write a paragraph (minimum 5 sentences) that answers the question “What caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire?”  Example:  Line 1 – thesis  Line 2 – supporting fact  Line 3 – supporting fact  Line 4 – supporting fact  Line 5 - conclusion

Essential Question: What led to the decline and fall of Rome?

 Marcus Aurelius, the last of the five good emperors of the pax romana, died in A.D. 180  Civil wars, military government, and anarchy follow  From , there were 22 emperors. Many of them met a violent death.  Invasions  Plague (an epidemic disease)

 The empire was split:  Western Roman Empire  Capital = Rome  Eastern Roman Empire  Capital = Constantinople

 Western Roman Empire came under pressure from the invading Germanic tribes  Visigoths  Vandals  In 476, the western emperor Romulus Augustus was removed from power = date of the fall of the Western Roman Empire

 Copy the following questions. In which continent: 1. Did Christianity begin? 2. Is Christianity spread throughout by 1000 AD? 3. Did Christianity spread to after European exploration?  Answer them as you watch the video clip. 

 Read the class set of information to answer the questions.  Due by the end of class!

Essential Questions: How did Christianity spread as a major world religion? How has ancient Rome impacted the modern world?

 By A.D. 6, Judaea (lands of the old Jewish kingdom) had been made a Roman province and placed under the control of a Roman official - different Jewish groups had different views about Roman rule

 A Jewish prophet named Jesus traveled and preached throughout Judaea and neighboring areas  His preaching stirred controversy, and some people saw him as a potential revolutionary who might lead a revolt against Rome  He was turned over to the Roman authorities and the Roman official in charge of Judaea had him crucified

 What do his followers believe happened to Jesus?  After the reports that Jesus had overcome death, the Christian movement won followers in Jerusalem and throughout Judaea  Apostles began to spread the message that Jesus was the Son of God who had come to Earth to save humanity

 Christianity grew in popularity. Why?  Life After Death:  Christianity promised life after death in heaven.  In the Roman religion, only gods went to heaven.  Emperors were considered gods. Everyone else went to the underworld.  Equality:  Christianity promised equal opportunity.  You had to be born into the nobility.  You could join Christianity and be equally a Christian.

 Many Romans came to view Christians as harmful to the Roman state  Why? Christians refused to worship the state gods and emperors.  Christians were persecuted (harassed to cause suffering) for 300 years.

 In the fourth century (A.D. 300s) the Roman emperor Constantine became the first Christian emperor.  He issued the Edict of Milan, which proclaimed official tolerance of Christianity  m?guidAssetId=91C0A8BC-EF76-43D D0E0895F0&blnFromSearch=1&productcode= US m?guidAssetId=91C0A8BC-EF76-43D D0E0895F0&blnFromSearch=1&productcode= US

 Under Theodosius the Great (A.D ), the Romans adopted Christianity as their official religion