glthfd"lv cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf] kl/ro lbnLk s'df/

k|:t'tLs/0fsf] vfsf cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg;+aGwL] p2]Zo glthfd"ns cg'udgsf] kl/efiff cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf] km/s ;"rs / o;sf] k|of]u g]kfndf cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf] cj:yf

t]x|f}+ of]hgfs]f cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg;+aGwL] p2]Zo cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf] dfWodaf6 of]hgf tyf gLltlgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ k|df0fdf cfwfl/t u/fpg], ;fj{hlgs hjfkmb]lxtf clej[l4 ug]{ / ljsf; gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfsf] sfof{GjognfO{ k|efjsf/L u/fpg].

/fli6«o cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg lbUbz{gsf] p2]Zo k|To]s of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿sf] th{'dfsf] cj:yfdf g} glthfd'vL cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k4lt cfa4 ug]{. cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|0ffnLn] ;fj{hlgs of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ cfjZos tYofÍ tyf ;"rgf ;Dk|]lift ug]{. s]Gb|Lo tyf :yfgLo ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf ePsf gLlt / ;~rfngdf /x]sf sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿sf]] nufgL, lqmofsnfk, k|lqmof, k|ltkmn (output _, c;/- Outcome _ / k|efj (Impact) lgoldt tyf Jojl:yt 9+un] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{. tYofÍ, ;"rgf tyf k[i7kf]if0f pknJw u/fO{ lg0f{o k|lqmof / gLlt lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ k|df0fdf cfwfl/t agfpg]. cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf dfWodaf6 kf/blz{tf / ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf clej[l4 u/L ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg].

Gflthf s] xf] < k|ltkmn (Output) sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf] lglDt ul/Psf] nufgLaf6 pTkfbg ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] vf; pTkfbg jf ;]jfnfO{ k|ltkmn elgG5. (Quantitative, Tangible) c;/ (Outcome) cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt ePsf] k|ltkmnsf] k|of]u jf pkof]usf] kl/0ffdaf6 b]lvg] kl/jt{gnfO{ c;/ elgG5. (Qualitative, Knowledge and behavioral change / Service) k|efj (Impact) sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] kl/0ffdaf6 k"0f{ ?kdf jf cf+lzs ?kdf eP klg kl/nlIft pkef]Qmf ju{ -nfeflGjt x'g] ju{_ sf] hLjg:t/df cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ k|efj elgG5.

output outcome

pbfx/0f k|ltkmn–laBfno ejg lgdf{0f School Building - Output

c;/ - Outcome _ - laBfyL{sf] egf{

Result chain

Monitoring vs. System approach Traditional M. Input Process Output Result-Based M System Approach

Result-Chain Matrix laifoI] q Sector nufgL Input S[ofsnfk Activities k|ltkmn Output c;/ Outcome k|efj Impact s[lif e"lld, kfgL, aLp,dn, hgzlQm / ah]6 Df6f] tof/L, a]gf{ /f]k0f, l+;+rfO{, afnL sf6\g] / e+8f/0f pTkfbg -s]=hL=, d]=6g_ pkef]uhLjg:t/ df ;'wf/ lzIff hgzlQm, ah]6 / ;fdfu|L Efjg lgdf{0flaBfno ejg egf{b/;fIf/tf k|ltzt ;8s hgzlQm, ah]6 / ;fdfu|L 6«ofs v]f[Ng], u|fe]n, sfnf]kq]] ug]{ sfo{ …… ;8s lgdf{0f -ls dL_ oftfoft ;'lawf

glthfd"ns cg'udg s] xf] < cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 ck]lIft glthfcg'?k s]–slt k|ult k|fKt ePsf] 5 egL t'ngf ug{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;"rgfsf] ;sng / ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|lqmof glthfd"ns cg'udg xf]. RBM is a continuous process of collecting and analyzing information to compare how well a Project / Program is being implemented against expected results.

glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf cfwf/x¿ of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿sf] glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug{sf nflu b]xfosf laifox?nfO{ cfwf/sf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5. ;f]r tflnsf (Logical framework), glthf tflnsf (Result Matrix), ;"rssf] Joj:yf cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg of]hgf

glthfd"ns cg'udgsf ljlwx¿ s_ nIo / k|ultsf] t'ngfM ;"rsnIok|u lt nIo– k|ult aLrsf] cGt/ sf/0f;d:of ;dfwfgsf k|of;x¿` ;fIf/tf b/^%^) % ;fIf/tf cleofg sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf]. :yfgLo lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L k|efjsf/L jgfpg k|of; e}/x]sf]

v_ :ynut cg'udgM sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfdf ePsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿sf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f cfof]hgf:ynd} uP/ ug{ ;lsG5. :ynut cg'udg ubf{ kof{Kt u[xsfo{ ug{'kg]{ / o;sf lglDt cfjZostfcg';f/ kmf/fdsf ;fy} lgDgfg';f/ b:tfj]hsf] k|of]u ug'{kb{5 M ;f]r tflnsf jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmd rf}dfl;s k|ult k|ltj]bg ljleGg txsf ;"rsx¿ jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmd -efu !_ lhNnf:t/Lo jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmd u_ t];|f] kIfåf/f cg'udgM of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿sf] cg'udg lgoldt ;+oGqsf ;fy} :jtGq lgsfo tyf JolQmx¿af6 klg u/fpg ;lsG5. cg'udg u/fpFbf s'g} vf; bIftf tyf sfo{s'zntf cfjZos kg]{ ePdf klg t];|f] kIfaf6 cg'udg u/fpg ;lsG5.

!= clGtd tx -c;/ tyf k|efj_M sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt x'g] k|ltkmnaf6 lglb{i6 p2]Zo / nIo xfl;n eO{ hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df s]s:tf] c;/ tyf k|efj k/]sf] 5 ;f]sf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug{ o:tf ;"rsx¿ lgwf{/0f cGtl/d tx -k|ltkmn, k|lqmof, nufgL_M sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] nufgL / ljleGg lqmofsnfk tyf k|lqmofaf6 k|fKt x'g] glthfsf] lgoldt cg'udg ug{ o:tf ;"rsx¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{. #= sfo{;Dkfbg txM sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] ;dofjlw cg';f/ lqmofsnfkx¿ lgwf{/0f ePsf] x'G5. pQm lqmofsnfkx¿ x/]s jif{ agfpg'kg]{ jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmd - /fof]cf, c=d"=kmf=g++= !_ df /flvPsf] x'G5. tL lqmofsnfkx¿ cg'udg ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu ljleGg ;"rsx¿sf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{. pbfx/0fsf] nflu jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmddf pNn]v x'g] hUuf k|flKt, hgzlQm cfk"lt{, k/fdz{bftfsf] lgo'lQm, 7]Ssfk6[f h:tf k|lqmofut sfo{x?sf] ;"rssf ;fy} lqmofsnfkaf6 k|fKt x'g] pknlJwsf] cj:yfsf] cg'udg ug'{k5{ -u_ sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgf txsf ;"rs (Programme/Project Level Indicators)

glthfd"ns cg'udg k|ltj]bg tyf glthfsf] k|of]u lgoldt cg'udg u/L sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] l:yltsf af/]df dflyNnf] lgsfodf k|ltj]bg ug'{kb{5. :ynut lg/LIf0f ul/Psf sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] :ynut lg/LIf0f kmf/fd clgjfo{ ¿kn] e/L k|ltj]bg ug'{kb{5. cfof]hgfdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿ rf}dfl;s cjlwleq} ePdf dGqfno:t/ ljsf; ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt -dlj;;;_ sf] a}7sdf k|:t't u/L ;dfwfgsf plrt k|of; ug'{kb{5. pQm ;ldltaf6 ;dfwfg x'g g;s]sf gLltut / cGt/lgsfo k|s[ltsf ;d:ofx¿ /fli6«o ljsf; ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt - /flj;;;_ df k|:t't u/L ;dfwfg ul/g'kb{5.

d"NofÍg sfof{Gjog ul/Psf of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿ xfnsf] ;dodf s]–slt ;fGble{s, nfebfoL / k|efjsf/L 5g\ tyf s]–s:tf pknlJw Pjd\ k|efjx¿ xfl;n ePsf 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] cfGtl/s / afXo d"NofÍgstf{af6 p2]Zok"0f{ / Jojl:yt tl/sfn] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ sfo{ d"NofÍg xf]

cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgaLr km/s cg'udg sfof{Gjog cjlwe/ lg/Gt/ ul/g] of]hgfsf] Ps k|lqmof xf],h;nfO{ cfof]hgfsf] Pp6f cfGtl/s sfo{sf] ¿kdf klg lnOG5. lgdf{0f r/0f / ;~rfng r/0fsf] cj:yfdf dfq ul/G5. lgdf{0f r/0f / ;~rfng r/0fsf cj:yfdf b]lvPsf sdLsdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ ;+:yfut k|lqmof xf]. nufgL, k|lqmof/ k|ltkmn;Fu k|ToIf ¿kdf ;DalGwt x'G5. ljsf; Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] Pp6f cª\u klg xf]. ;fwf/0ftof, sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfoaf6 ul/G5. d"NofÍg ljleGg r/0fdf ul/g] of]hgf k|lqmof xf] h:t}Mk"j{d"NofÍg (Ex-ante), rfn" d"NofÍg (On-going), clGtd jf ;DkGg d"NofÍg (Terminal) / sfo{qmdkl5sf] d"NofÍg (Ex- post). 5gf}6 r/0fb]lv ;~rfng r/0f kl5sf cj:yfdf klg ul/G5. lgdf{0f r/0f / ;~rfng r/0fdf cfjZos ;'wf/ ug]{ tyf sfof{Gjogsf qmddf ePsf sdLsdhf]/Laf6 kf7 l;sL eljiodf To:t} of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿df ;'wf/ ug]{ ;fwg xf]. k"j{lgwf{l/t nIo / pknlAwsf] l:ylt tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfdf k/]sf] c;/ / k|efjsf] cWoog;F+u ;DalGwt 5. sfof{Gjog ul/Psf of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfaf6 kf7 l;Sg] sfo{d'vL ljsf; Joj:yfksLo cf}hf/ xf]. ;fwf/0ftof, sfof{Gjog ug]{lgsfoeGbf aflx/sf :jtGq JolQm tyf ;+:yfx¿af6u/fOG5.

sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf ljleGg r/0fdf ul/g] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf] p2]Zo cg'udg sf k|sf/ / p2]Zo != lg/Gt/ cg'udg sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog r/0fdf nufgL, lqmofsnfk, k|lqmof / k|ltkmn ;"rsx¿sf] cfwf/df sfo{;Dkfbg eP gePsf] lgwf{/0f bLuf]kgf cg'udg sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog r/0f ;DkGg ePkl5 pQm sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] lgwf{l/t cfo';Dd lg/Gt/ ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t;fwg tyf dd{t–;Def/ lglZrt ug{. k"j{d"NofÍg (Ex-ante) sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] cfjZostf tyf ;'lglZrttf lgwf{/0f ug{, sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] k"0f{ ljj/0f :ki6 ug{ / ;"rsx¿ lgwf{/0f ug{. rfn" d"NofÍg (On-going) sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] k|ultsf] ;dLIff ug{,k"j{lgwf{l/t sfo{of]hgfdf kl/dfh{g ug{ jf ;~rfng 9fFrfdf cfjZos kl/jt{g ug{. d"NofÍgsf k|sf/ / p2]Zo

d"NofÍgsf k|sf/ / p2]Zo====== clGtd d"NofÍg (Terminal) sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] sfo{Ifdtf, k|efjsfl/tf / lbuf]kgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ;dLIff ug{, sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgf ;DkGg ePkl5 yk sfo{ (follow-up) cfjZos /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] lgSof}{n ug{. k|efj d"NofÍg (Ex-post) sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] k|efj / lbuf]kgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ;dLIff ug{, eljio sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu l;sfO / ;'emfjx¿ k|fKt ug{. lg/Gt/ k[i7kf]if0f ljleGg r/0fdf ul/g] cg'udg d"NofÍgaf6 k|fKt k[i7kf]if0fnfO{ plrt ;dodf ;Djf]wg ug'{k5{.

cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;"rsMM glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf nflu ;"rsx¿sf] lgwf{/0f / o;sf] dfkg ug{' cfjZos x'G5. ;"rs s] xf] ==== s'g} klg cj:yfnfO{ ;+VofTds tyf JofVofTds ¿kdf ;/n tl/sfaf6 dfkg ug]{ cfwf/ ;"rs xf]. ;"rssf] cfwf/df sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿df ePsf] nufgL / lqmofsnfkn] Nofpg] kl/jt{gsf] dfkg ul/G5. glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf nflu ;"rsx¿sf] lgwf{/0f / o;sf] dfkg ug{' cfjZos x'G5.  sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿sf] Jojl:yt cg'udgsf nflu p2]Zo;Fu d]nvfg], lgikIf, :jtGq, ;/n÷:ki6, dfkg ug{ / k"/f ug{ ;lsg], e/kbf]{ / ;do cjlw lsl6Psf sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rsx¿sf] ljsf; u/L k|of]udf Nofpg'kb{5 ;"rssf] k|of]u

A person or thing that indicates Thing that indicates the state or level of something. ;"rssf u'0fx¿ S=Simple/Specific -;/n÷:ki6_ M=Measurable -dfkgof]Uo_ A=Achievable - k"/f ug{ ;lsg] _ R=Reliable -e/kbf]{_ T=Time Bound -;do cjlw lsl6Psf]_ ;"rssf u'0fx¿

;"rssf lsl;d laa/0ffT ds ;+If]k ;"rsx?;"rssf]k"i6fOsf cfwf/x? cg'udg calw nIo Goal k|efa ;"rsx? Impact nlIft ju{ jf ;d'bfosf] hLjgofkgdf kf/]sf] k|efj / ;a]{If0fx? /fli6o n]vf Cfalws p2]:o Purpose c;/ ;"rsx? (Outcome ) nfeu|fxL ju{sf] ;Gt'li6 ;DjGwL hfgsf/L lbg] ;"rsx¿ K|fult jf d"NofÍg k|lta]bg, MIS Afflif{s k|ltkmn Output k|ltkmn ;"rsx? (Output ) nufgL tyf k|lqmof;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg] ;"rsx¿ k|lta]bgx? -k|ult ÷d"NofÍg ÷ sfo{;Dkfbg,_ MIS cfalws÷ aflif{s lqmofsnf k Activities NfufgL ;"rsx? (Input ) K|fult÷:ynut cg"udg k|lta]bg, MIS Rf}fdfl;s ÷aflif{s

ljifo If]q ;"rsx¿ c_ dfgj ljsf;÷ul/aL dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍ k|ltJolQm s"n ufx:y{ cfDbfgL dfgj ;DklQ ;"rsfÍ cfly{s hf]lvd ;"rsfÍ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lgsf] hg;+Vof -k|ltzt_ k|ltlbg cd]l/sL 8n/eGbf sd cfDbfgL ePsf] hg;+Vof -k|ltzt_ ljifo If]q ;"rsx¿ cf_ cfly{s j[l4 s[lif If]qsf] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbg j[l4 -k|ltzt k|ltjif{_ u}/s[lif If]qsf] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbg j[l4 -k|ltzt k|ltjif{_ k|ltJolQm cfodf j[l4 jf:tljs-k|ltzt k|ltjif{_ d'b|f:kmLlt b/ j:t'sf] lgof{t÷cfoft cg'kft -k|ltzt_ Jofkf/ 3f6fdf jflif{s kl/jt{g - k|ltzt_ a]/f]huf/ -k|ltzt_ >d Go"g pkof]u b/ % b]lv !$ jif{;Dd jf !^ jf !* pd]/ ;d"xsf >ddf ;+nUgtf b/ -k|ltzt_ clGtd tx -c;/ / k|efj_

If]q pb]Zo ;"rsx? k"jf{wf/;8s ;'ljwfdf j[l4 jif}{el/ ;8s ;'ljwfk'u]sf lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx?sf] ;+Vof s"n ;8s nDafO{ -ls=dL=_ ;8s :t/f]Gglt, k"glgdf{0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f - ls=dL=_ lgoldt dd{t ;'wf/ -ls=dL=_ k"n lgdf{0f ;+Vof cGtl/d tx -nufgL, s[ofsnfk / k|ltkmn_ sf ;"rsx?

laifoIf]qpb]Zo ;"rsx? kx'Frdf ;'wf/ k"j{ k|f=lj=afnljsf; s]Gb| ;+Vof ljBfnosf] ;+Vof lzIff cfwf/e"t txdf 5fqj[lQ kfpg] ljBfyL{x?sf] k|ltzt lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ tflnd k|fKt lzIfsx?sf] k|ltzt lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kft x:tfGt/0ful/Psf ljBfnox? dWo] ;d'bfon] Jojl:yt ?kdf Joa:yfkg u/]sf] ;+Vof ljifout lzIfssf] k|ltzt ljBfno lzIffsf] l;sfO{{ pknlJw k/LIf0f cGtl/d txsf ;"rsx?==========

;"rs lgwf{/0fsf r/0fx? r/0 f s] ug]{ pbfx/0f !;]jfu|fxL -nlIft au{_ ls6fg u/L ;"rssf] klxrfg ug]{. k|hgg pd]/sf dlxnfx? :jf:YosdL{sf] ;xof]udf ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] b/df a[l2 x'g] 5 ;"rsdf kl/0ffd pNn]v ug]{. ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] b/df %) ÷a[l2 x'g]5 #;"rsdf u'0f:t/ pNn]v ug]{. tflnd k|fKt :jf:YosdL{sf] ;xof]udf ;'/lIft ;Ts]/L u/fpg] $M ;"rsdf ;dol;df pNn]v ug]{. ;Dd %;"rsdf :yfg pNn]v ug]{. nlntk'/ lhNnf

g]kfndf cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf] cj:yf laBdfg sdhf}/Lx? cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg;+aGwL bIf hgzlQmsf] sdL k/+k/fut (Manual) ;"rgf k|0ffnL cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg of]hgf agfpg] / sfof{Gjogdf lzlyntf cfaZos ;fwg / >f]tsf] sdL cg'udg k|lts]bg÷;'emfjsf] sfof{Gjogdf lzlyntf laBdfg k|of; cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg sfof{Gjogdf. cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg of]hgf agfpg] clgafo{ Aoa:yf– w]/} dGqfnox/df c=d"== of]hgf tof/ eO{ sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf. lzIff, :j:Yo / :yflad++df MIS sf] k|of]u / cGo klg cfslift. /fla;;; / dla;;;sf\ a}7ssf] lgoldttf / e‘ldsf a9\b} uPsf]. K|lzIf0f k|lti7fgx?Jbf/f k|bfg ul/g] tlnd sfoqdmsf kf7\oqmddf cd“ lbUbz{g sf] laifo klg ;dfj]z ug]{ k|of;] { c= d"== ;+aGwL 5‘6\6|} P]gsf] th‘‘{df x‘b}

wGoafb.