Timeline: War World II in the Pacific, Philippines 15 December 1944: U.S. Troops invade Mindoro in the Philippines. 22 December 1944: Leyte resistance ended 09 January 1945: U.S. Sixth Army invades Lingayen Gulf on Luzon in the Philippines. 03 February 1945: U.S. Sixth Army attacks Japanese in Manila. 26 January 1945: Clark Field Runway No. 1 secured 27 January 1945: Route 3 from Bamban south to Mabalacat and Manila railroad secured 29 January 1945: XI Corps lands on Luzon west coast 01 February 1945: Seizure of Clark Field February 1945: Capture of San Jose EOA 14: JOINT OPERATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES II- GROUP I End state: Reoccupation of the Philippines is a United States obligation and a political necessity; seizure of the Philippines will facilitate the invasion of Japan. Condition (P/M): Reoccupation of Manila (P) COG: Enemy- Kembu Group(O); Clark Field (S) Friendly- 6 th Army (O) OP Approach: Direct. Destruction of Kembu Group (shaping operations); advancing I Corps; control of routes/LOCs; securing key terrain Decisive Points: Clark Field; Fort Stosenburg; Luzon west coast landing; San Jose; strong points (Japanese) Munoz and Lupao LOO: Interior LOOs. Clear, maneuver, seize and secure OP Reach: Pampanga River Tempo: IOT maintain tempo towards Manila required I Corps to extend right flank south and southeast IOT protect XIV Corps left flank and XIV Corps’ ability to secure its right rear by defeating the Kembu Group; Simultaneity/Depth: CAM (air attack, artillery supporting fires, and infantry penetration) Phasing/Transitions: PH1- clear terrain to Army beachhead line; PHII-maneuver south and east to Bactad; PHIII-seize and secure crossing over Agno River; PHIV- reconnaissance; PV- WAS “mopping-up” Culmination: Contingent on I Corps pace and advancement east and south Risk (S/O/T): Tempo of XIV Corps capturing Manila (S/O) mitigated by control movement with phase lines; maneuver forces overrunning supplies (T); movement between I and XIV Corps not synchronized (O) Theorist Synthesis: Discourse vs. reality (Lynn), Strategy and engagement (Clausewitz book 3-4), and a plan for continuing the war or peace (Dolman).

EOA 14: JOINT OPERATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES II- GROUP I ME: XIV corps T: seize the key terrain of Clarke airfield P: to enable localized air support for attack south T: advance to Manila P: seize and secure manila SE1: I Corps T: Seize line San Nicola – San Jose P: To protect the eastern flank of XIV Corps. SE2: 5 th AF T: Provide Close Air Support to 6 th Army P: To Neutralize enemy defensive positions. SE3: 1 st CAV DIV T: EST Security between XVI & I Corps P: IO Prevent Japanese breakthrough SE4: XI Corps (-) T: conduct AMPHIB ASLT VIC Bataan P: Relieve pressure of XIV Corps by diverting ENY focus SE5: 11 th ABN CIV T: conduct AMPHIP ASLT 20 M South of Manila P: Contain ENY force on SW LUZON SE6: 7 th fleet T: assist AMPHIB ASLT P: Establish multiple approaches to Manila. T: Provide Naval Gun Fire to 8 th Army P: Enable 8 th Army to defeat ENY RISK: Overextended XIV Corps lines (exposed flank), Stretched supply lines, I Corps culminating at San Jose. OPPORTUNITIES: increased TEMPO to rapidly fix enemy locations. Time, the more prep time the ENY has, the more difficult they will be to destroy. BASING: Constant movement prohibits robust sustainment beyond lodgment, Clarke Airfield – resupply point first static location for sustainment and will increase air support. This is a three phase operation using a ME-SE framework with the objective of seizing Clarke airfield and position forces for a follow on attack on Manila. In the restrictive terrain and environment of Northern Luzon. 6 th Army will use its 3 Corps to attack dug-in isolated pockets of Japanese resistance. I corps will hold and advance in the North and East. XIV corps will seize Clarke airfield and position to attack on Manila. XI Corps after an amphibious landing on the west sites of Luzon will advance on to attrite the Kembo group. Strategic OBJ: to secure basing for operations against japan. OPER OBJ: secure beachhead line, Clarke airfield and San José. IOT: capture Manila (follow on mission), secure central plains, flanks (East and west), neutralize enemy threat on Luzon, enable Air-corps operation and Luzon shipping for follow on islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Duration: 15 FEB Given: 2 Corps (XIV and I) about 175k troops. Against: 14 th army group under Yamashita about 200K in total. Conditions: Japanese strong points on high ground, disorganized sustainment ops, pressure from Higher HQ for resources, conflicting Intel estimates of enemy forces and locations _____

LOOs for Operations: Phase1 1 – 9 FEB Phase2 5 – 12 FEB BATAAN PENINSULA SECURE MANILA CITY (ME) SOUTH SHORE/CAVITE Transition EOA 14: JOINT OPERATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES II- GROUP 2 BLUF: the purpose of this operation is to secure manila and manila bay IOT open the port and city to Allied forces. 6 th Army conducts a 2 phase, direct approach, offensive operation on 2 Lines of operation 1 st CAV (ME) conducts approach march to Manila, enveloping Japanese forces from North to South and East to West. 11 th ABN (SE) conducts an approach from the South to ISOLATE Japanese forces at Hagonoy isthmus with follow on objectives to secure Cavite. 34 th ID and 38 th ID (SE2) Isolate Bataan peninsula and then clear south to the channel islands. COG: Manila bay area OP Reach: limited by piers and beach sustainment capacity, limited transportation of supplies forward. BASING: Lingayen gulf, Nasgubu (11 th ABN), San Antonio (XI Corps). TEMPO: Simultaneous assaults from 2 directions with multiple shaping operations. TRANSITION: movement of units from 8 th Army to 6 th Army, even based in city. CULMINATION: occurs is US cannot secure Manila and Manila bay area for LOCs and sustainment. RISK: XIV Corps flank security during movement to and then securing of Manila. OPPORTUNITY: Surprise the Japanese in Manila. HOW DO WE: Defeat Japanese forces IVO Manila IOT: Capture the city of Manila and its BAY/Ports Given: 6 th Army and 11 th ABN DIV Against: 14 th Army area & Shobu Group In Consideration to: Terrain, ENY Defenses in city, Guerilla forces, broken internal political structure. END STATE 1.Manila is secured 2.Manila Bay/ port is open 3.Defeat Japanese on LUZON Lodgment San Mancelino AF Isolate Bataan PEN Clear southern PEN Channel Islands March from Clarke to Manila Clear North Manila Secure water & Elec Cross Pasig River Envelop Interamuros SECURE Tagaytay Isolate Hagonoy ISTHMUS Secure Cavite