Installation of a wind turbine

INSTALLATION OF A WIND TURBINE AUTHOR: PASQUALE NASSO TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY FRANCESCO MILANO, PIERO CARLOTTO, ALESSANDRO BOTTARO, DAVIDE MAZZUCCO, PASQUALE NASSO TECHNICAL AND DIDACTIC COLLABORATION LAURA BLUA, SERGIO BRERO, GIANCARLO GAZZOLA, PAOLO GERBALDO, FULVIO PASTORELLI, ELSA RABBIA, PIERANGELO SPERTINO, SERGIO VIGLIETTI TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE UNITÀ OPERATIVA ALTA TENSIONE ZONA DI CUNEO PIERANGELO TUNINETTI, MAURO CAVARERO IN ORDER TO VISUALIZE THE PRESENTATION IN THE BEST POSSIBLE WAY, PLEASE FOLLOW THESE SUGGESTIONS: THE RED DOT ON THE BOTTOM RIGHT MEANS: PLEASE WAIT, ANIMATION LOADING THE GREEN ARROW ON THE BOTTOM RIGHT MEANS YOU CAN ADVANCE TO THE FOLLOWING SLIDE WITH A CLICK OF THE MOUSE ENJOY THE PRESENTATION CLICK ON THE MOUSE

WIND ENERGY WIND IS SOMETIMES PERCEIVED ONLY AS A LIGHT BREEZE, BUT AT OTHER TIMES IT IS STRONG AND BLUSTERING. IT ALWAYS POSSESSES IMMENSE ENERGY AND IT SKIMS OVER THE SURFACE OF OUR PLANET WITH AN UNCONTROLLABLE FORCE. THE DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR HEAT ON THE EARTH PRODUCES AREAS OF HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE. THE MAIN PROCESS THAT GENERATES WIND IS THIS: WHERE THERE’S MORE HEAT, THE AIR BECOMES LIGHTER AND LESS DENSE AND TENDS TO RISE, WHILE IN THE UNDERLYING AREA THE PRESSURE DROPS. THE SURROUNDING AIR THEN MOVES TOWARDS THE EMPTYING AREA TO FILL IT: THIS IS HOW WIND IS CREATED. SINCE ANCIENT TIMES MAN HAS TRIED TO EXPLOIT THIS CLEAN, FREE, ALWAYS RENEWABLE ENERGY. IN THIS CHAPTER WE WILL ILLUSTRATE ONE OF THE METHODS CREATED BY MAN TO USE THIS FORM OF ENERGY CONVERTING IT TO ELECTRICITY. IN THE NEXT SLIDES WE WILL FOLLOW STEP BY STEP THE INSTALLATION OF A WIND TURBINE IN PIEDMONT ON THE COLLE DEL SAN BERNARDO, IN THE COMUNE OF GARESSIO (CN).

IN THIS FIGURE THE PARTS OF A WIND TURBINE TOWER ARE SCHEMATICALLY REPRESENTED BLADES -> AXIS WITH SLOW MOTION MULTIPLIER -> FROM SLOW TO FAST MOTION TURBINES -> AXIS WITH FAST MOTION IT PRODUCES ALTERNATING CURRENT (50 HZ)

TEMPORARY STORAGE OF THE WIND TURBINE COMPONENTS READY TO BE TRANSPORTED TO THE WIND SITE

EACH SEGMENT OF THE TOWER IS 20 M LONG 20 M

CROSS SECTION OF THE TOWER: EACH SEGMENT HAS AN INTERNAL FLANGE THAT ALLOWS THEM TO BE BOLTED TOGETHER TO FORM A CONTINUOUS STRUCTURE INTERNAL FLANGES THAT NEED TO BE BOLTED THE SEGMENTS ARE NUMBERED FOR CORRECT ASSEMBLY

INTERNAL WIRING WITH POWER CABLES THAT SUPPLY THE GENERATOR AND TRANSFER THE ELECTRIC ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE ROTOR

ROTOR BLADE THE BLADE IS 43,80 METRES LONG 43,80 M BOLTS FOR ITS ATTACHMENT TO THE MULTIPLIER

OVERSIZE LOAD TRUCK THAT WILL CARRY THE TURBINE COMPONENTS TO THE SITE OF ASSEMBLY

THE TRANSPORTATION OF THE TOWER SEGMENTS FROM THE STORAGE SITE TO THE WIND SITE BEGINS

BLADE LOADED ONTO THE TRUCK READY TO BE TRANSPORTED TO A HIGHER ALTITUDE BLADES STORED IN THE STORAGE SITE FURTHER DOWN

TRANSPORTATION OF THE BLADES TO THE SITE OF ASSEMBLY COMPLETED

HUB: THE BLADES THAT “CAPTURE” THE WIND FORCE WILL BE INSTALLED ON ITS THREE RADIAL AXES

BLADE ROTATION MULTIPLIER THE HUB WILL BE ATTACHED TO THIS FLANGE

ARRIVAL OF THE MOBILE CRANE TO THE SITE: GIVEN THE EXTRAORDINARY WEIGHT AND SIZE OF THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF A WIND TURBINE, THE USE OF THESE IMPRESSIVE LIFTING MACHINES IS INDISPENSABLE

FOUNDATION BASE WHERE THE FIRST SEGMENT OF THE TOWER WILL BE FIXED

A TRANSFORMER THAT WILL INCREASE THE VOLTAGE OF THE POWER PRODUCED FROM 280 VOLTS TO VOLTS IS INSTALLED AT THE BASE OF THE TOWER

LIFTING PHASE OF THE FIRST SEGMENT OF THE TOWER THAT WILL BE FIXED TO THE FOUNDATION BASE

POSITIONING THE FIRST SECTION OF THE TOWER

THE TOWER BOLTED TO THE REINFORCED CONCRETE BASE

INSTALLATION OF THE SECOND SECTION OF THE TOWER

INSTALLATION OF THE NACELLE

MANY OF THE WIND TURBINE COMPONENTS THAT WILL CONVERT THE ENERGY PRODUCED BY WIND WILL BE PLACED INSIDE THE NACELLE

INSTALLATION OF THE NACELLE COMPLETED THE NACELLE IS CONCEIVED SO THAT IT CAN BE POSITIONED ACCORDING TO THE DIRECTION OF WIND BY MEANS OF ELECTRICAL MOTORS

MULTIPLIER BEING LIFTED BY THE MOBILE CRANE

THE MULTIPLIER HAS REACHED ITS FINAL POSITION

PREPARING THE HUB FOR INSTALLATION

THE HUB HAS REACHED THE HEIGHT REQUIRED SO THAT IT CAN BE FIXED TO THE MULTIPLIER

PHASE OF THE LIFTING OF THE BLADES

THE BLADES ARE VERY LONG AND IT IS NECESSARY TO LIFT THEM WITH TWO MOBILE CRANES SIMULTANEOUSLY IN ORDER TO BALANCE THEM

THE FIRST BLADE HAS BEEN ASSEMBLED. WE CAN PROCEED WITH THE INSTALLATION OF THE SECOND BLADE

BRINGING THE TWO PARTS TOGETHER

INSTALLATION OF THE SECOND BLADE COMPLETED

THE TECHNICIANS’ OPINION ON HOW TO INSTALL THE SINGLE COMPONENTS CAN CHANGE FROM ONE SITE TO ANOTHER. IN THIS CASE, THANKS TO THE LARGE SPACE AVAILABLE, IT HAS BEEN DECIDED TO ASSEMBLE THE THREE BLADES AT GROUND LEVEL AND THEN LIFT THEM AS ONE PIECE

INSTALLATION COMPLETED

ENEL POWER STATIONHIGH TENSION TOWER

IN ORDER TO MANAGE THE ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE WIND TURBINES, THE PRESENCE OF A POWER STATION IN PROXIMITY OF THE WIND SITE IS NECESSARY ENEL POWER STATION WIND TURBINES

WE CAN THEREFORE AFFIRM THAT THE WIND SITE WE ARE LOOKING AT, OPERATING AT FULL SPEED, WILL SUPPLY HOMES WITH CLEAN ENERGY THE WIND SITE WE ARE LOOKING AT HAS FIVE UNITS AND PRODUCES KWH IN TOTAL KWH × 5 UNITS = KWH CONSIDERING THAT 3 KWH ARE SUFFICIENT FOR THE DOMESTIC USE IN A SINGLE HOME… IT IS EASY TO CALCULATE THAT KWH : 3 KWH = A SINGLE WIND TURBINE, WHEN OPERATING AT FULL SPEED, PRODUCES KWH (KILOWATT HOUR)

RegionsWind power in MwWind towers Val d'Aosta00 Piemonte12,56 Lombardia00 Veneto1,41 Trentino-Alto Adige2,62 Friuli-V.Giulia00 Emilia-Romagna5,510 Toscana41,828 Marche00 Umbria1,52 Lazio9,015 Abruzzo169,8266 Molise88,0159 Campania687,5761 Puglia945,8893 Basilicata209,6165 Calabria187,8134 Sicilia794,8740 Sardegna467,4441 Total * SOURCE: Aper, Gse e Lipu data processed by Coldiretti POWER AND NUMBER OF WIND TOWERS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS - 31 ST DECEMBER 2008 END OF PRESENTATION