Aim: How do we choose a topic for our “How To” speeches? Thursday, 2/14/13 Aim: How do we choose a topic for our “How To” speeches? DN: From your 3 limited topics, roughly outline what kind of information you will need for your speech. HW: Find at least 3 possible topics.

“How to…” SPEECH Process speech: Tells how to do something (how-to speech) How to do something (perform a soccer-style place kick) How to make something (prepare healthy snacks) How something works (how a helicopter flies)

Requirements for the ‘how to’ speech: Select and limit an appropriate topic Clearly state a specific purpose Gather information from a variety of sources Ask: does the topic relate to my audience’s experiences? Organize the material Ask: is the information new or can I offer new insights? You will use audio/visual materials in your presentation – power point, posters, etc. 2 minutes minimum – shouldn’t exceed 5 minutes. We will have time in the library (maybe) and writing lab to work.

Choosing a Topic for the ‘how to’ speech… Why is it important to limit your topic? Select a topic you are interested in Select a topic you have prior knowledge about Limit your topic Narrow your broad topic to a few specific topics Choose the one you are more knowledgeable about, or most interested in Ex: TOPIC: Making lunch SPECIFIC TOPIC: sandwich LIMITED TOPIC How to make a PB&J sandwich It is important to limit your topic. Your speech should be dedicated to 1 topic and not a general overview of your topic.

Make a list of speech topics for process (how to) speeches Make a list of speech topics for process (how to) speeches. Limit your topics. PROCESS Speech Topics: 1. How to get on American Idol 2. How to survive on a deserted isle 3. How to survive a zombie attack 4. How to eat … 5. How to play cricket 6. How to identify structure mirrors content 7. How to hotwire a car 8. How to commit the perfect murder 9. How to get into your dream college 10. How to survive high school

Possible Sources Internet Library Interviews Personal Experiences Surveys How do reliable sources make our speeches credible?

Introduction and Organization for Informative and process Speeches Chronological: details, events are arranged in order, usually for expository speeches Topical order: topic is broken down into parts and then arranged in an order by speaker, most common for expository speeches Spatial order: details arranged according to their position in space, for descriptions. Climatic order: arranges items according to their importance, least to greatest Cause and Effect: show causes/conditions and the effects/results of those causes / conditions Comparison/Contrast: show similarities and differences Introduction: Attention getter: Start off with A question – your audience is forced to listen and think A shocking statement – surprise your audience A story – or anecdote, hook the audience with a relevant story Quotation: make sure it’s relevant Personal reference: relate to the audience’s experience Focus attention on the subject Gain audience’s good will Which of these methods of organization works best for expository speeches? Process speeches?

Planning the Body Determine the main points to stress. (There should be three for the informative speech). Organize the main points in a consistent pattern the audience can follow. Outline all material you plan to use in the speech.

Planning the Conclusion Emphasize the key idea(s) of the speech. Intensify the emotions, or feelings of the audience. Techniques for Conclusions: Summary - short restatement of information Recommendation - tell the audience the kind of behavior you would like them to follow Stirring ending: use a vivid quotation, tell a story, give an illustration, or relate a personal story. Your aim is to intensify the emotions or feeling that you want the audience to experience.

Preparing Your Speech Introduction: Body: Conclusion: Gains the attention and goodwill of the audience Develops interest in the topic Body: Presents the main points in an organized pattern Gives supporting information for the main points Conclusion: Emphasize key ideas of the speech Leaves the audience with a greater interest in the topic.

How do we adapt our speech to our audience? A. Experience: topics relate to audience’s knowledge B. Familiarity: poll audience C. Technical knowledge: adapt technical language to the level of understanding (ex: I know nothing about football, so you should…) D. Details: especially for process E. Essential steps: especially process Answer: How do these 5 components help our audience gain information from our speech?

Three Methods for Aiding Retention of Information Mnemonic devices: help memory by providing easy-to-remember associations (ex: acronyms: USA) Audio-visual materials: tapes, graphs, charts, etc. Demonstrations: especially for process speech How do these methods help make our speech interesting and effective?

What now? Create/brainstorm an example for each of the three methods for your speech Figure out which method will work best for your speech. Continue/complete writing your speeches. You may do all of these things with a partner.