Chemical Compounds in Living Things Biology- Organic Chemistry

Objectives u Identify the five most abundant elements in living things. u Compare organic and inorganic compounds. u Describe the properties that make carbon unique.

Structure of the Atom u Proton p + u Electron e - u Neutron n 0 u (Nucleus- p + and n 0 )

Chemical Compounds in Living Things u The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus (HONCP) make up practically all the chemical compounds in living things. u CHOPKINS CaFe has Mg & NaCl (salt) u Two groups of compounds »organic (contain carbon) biotic »inorganic (everything else) abiotic

Water u Human Body –Mostly water (2/3-3/4) uH2OuH2O –Why: Water carries nutrients, oxygen,carbon dioxide,waste through body in solution.

Carbon u Organic –living u Use: Covalent bond with other carbons to form many types of structures.

Carbohydrates u Examples –Sugars –Starch –Glycogen –Cellulose –Composed of: v C:H:O v 1:2:1 ratio u Use: for energy

Lipids u Examples –Fat –Wax –Oil –Composed of: v C:H:O-but less O than carbohydrates –Use: Insulation (warmth), energy storage, makes up cell membrane.

Proteins u Examples –Meat –Dairy (milk, cheese, eggs, nuts) –Composed of: v C:H:O:N u Use: muscle contraction, transport oxygen, provides immunity, carry out chemical reactions (enzymes and hormones).

Nucleic Acids u Examples –DNA –RNA –Composed of: –H:O:N:C+Phosphorus u DNA use: carry out genetic code u RNA use: instruct the cell to make proteins.