Glory, God and Gold Motivations for exploration. Believed in the power of man, had strong religious fervor (esp. Spain) and knew there was $$ to be had from treasure, and in the long run from successful trade

The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles MestizosMulattos Native Indians Black Slaves

The “Columbian Exchange”  Squash  Avocado  Peppers  Sweet Potatoes  Turkey  Pumpkin  Tobacco  Quinine  Cocoa  Pineapple  Cassava  POTATO  Peanut  TOMATO  Vanilla  MAIZE  Syphilis  Olive  COFFEE BEAN  Banana  Rice  Onion  Turnip  Honeybee  Barley  Grape  Peach  SUGAR CANE  Oats  Citrus Fruits  Pear  Wheat  HORSE  Cattle  Sheep  Pigs  Smallpox  Flu  Typhus  Measles  Malaria  Diptheria  Whooping Cough  Trinkets  Liquor  GUNS

Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers Official European Colony!

Slavery African slavery Introduced to European colonies by the Portuguese in Brazil. Had never really been a part of European society- colonial slavery was unique in scope and scale. 60% of pop. Of Brazil slave, 90% of population of Caribbean.

Witch Hunting Had always existed the last great “burst” 100,000 arrest, 60,000 executed (mostly women) Linked to heresy- a result of economic problems (scapegoating) Almost as if they are getting it out of their system as they move towards scientific revolution Women considered “weaker” then men, more prone to temptation- they represented 80% of victims. Generally unmarried (esp. unmarried and in middle age- independent women automatically suspicious.) Midwives most common target.