Chapter Four: International Cargo Transport 4.1 Modes of Transport 4.2 Clause of Shipment 4.3 Major Shipping Documents NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company - The COSCO is a multinational enterprise focusing on the shipping and logistics businesses while providing global customers with quality ship building and repairing, marine engineering, terminal operation, trade, financial and IT services in addition to the shipping and logistics services. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Modes of Transport Sea Transport (Ocean Transport) Rail Transport Air Transport Road Transport Inland Waterway Transport Container Transport International Multi-modal Transport Parcel Post Transport NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Liner Terms: Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including in the amount payable for freight, the cost both for loading and discharge of the cargo from the vessel. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Liner transport Characters of liner transport 1 fixed time 2 fixed port 3 fixed route 4 fixed freight 5 Liner freight covers the loading and unloading. （四定一负责） NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Modes of Lines （1）Conference Lines A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled services with a common and a fixed ports. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY （2）Non-conference Lines Non-conference Lines are operated by shipping companies giving scheduled services but quoting freight rates independently. E.g.: COSCO NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Liner freight Freight rate is stipulated in the tariff（运价表）. It contains basic freight rate and various kinds of surcharges. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Basic freight rate 1 W 2 M 3 W/M 4 A.V. 5 W/M or A.V. 6 W/M plus A.V. 7 Per unit 8 Open rate. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Various kinds of surcharges. 1 Extra Charges on Heavy Lifts ２Extra Charges on Over Lengths ３Additional on Optional ４Direct Additional ５Transshipment Additional ６Port Additional 7 Discharging Port NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 班轮运费的计算公式： 总运费＝基本运费率（1＋附加费率）X货运量 我某公司以CFR价向加拿大温哥华出口一批水果汁罐头，毛重为8公吨， 尺码为10立方米。求该批货物的总运价。 NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 解：1·正确地译出商品名称“Fruit Juice” 2·从运价本中的“货物分级表” （Classification　of Commodities) 查出水果汁为８级货，计算标准为 Ｍ 　 ３·再查中国－加拿大航线的等级费率表（Scale of Class Rates for China-Canada Service). NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 从该表中可以查出８级货的基本费率为每运费吨219.00港元。 　４·查附加费率表，查知燃油附加费 　　　20%,港口拥挤附加费为10%. 　５·总运费＝219.00×(1+20%+10%)×10 =2847(港元） NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Tramp ships（charter transport） 1 Voyage charter transport 2 Time charter transport 3 Bareboat charter transport NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Voyage charter and Time charter 1 Basis of signing the charter contract ２　Obligations of owner of ship ３　Calculations of freights NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Bareboat charter transport Under bareboat charter, the charterer is responsible for the fuel, maintenance, the crew's wages, provisions and stores and even paying for different taxes or duties. Bareboat charter（ Bare Boat Charter, BBC） NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Freight of voyage charter 1 Rate freight（运费率） Stipulate the given freight according to the unit weight or volume, meanwhile the intaken quantity or delivered quantity Lumpsum freight （整船包价） Stipulate the total freight NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Methods to Pay the Freight: Freight can be paid in advance --- Freight Prepaid 运费预付 Freight can be paid after the goods have arrived at the port of destination --- Freight Collect 运费到付 Part of freight is paid in advance, the rest of which is paid after the goods have arrived at the port of destination NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Loading and unloading of voyage charter 1 Liner terms 2 Free in, FI 3 Free out ,FO 4 Free in and out ,FIO 5 Free in and out, stowed and trimmed, FIOST FOBST NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Clause of Shipment Time of Shipment Port of Shipment and Port of Destination Shipping Advice Partial Shipment and Transshipment Lay Time, Demurrage and Dispatch NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Time of Shipment Refers to the time limit during which the seller deliver the goods to the buyer at the agreed place by the agreed methods NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Time of Shipment Difference between Time of Shipment and Time of Delivery 1 Time of shipment definitely stated 2 Shipment within ××days after receipt of L/C 3 Stipulating “Prompt shipment” NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Port of Shipment and Port of Destination Optional Port NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Attention under “Optional Port” : The port provided shall be in the same line and shall be the one that may be reached by ordinary liners. The number of optional ports shall not exceed 3. When calculating the freight and surcharges, the highest rates for them shall be charged due to the option. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY The consignee shall inform the liner company or its agent at the final port of destination before the liner has arrived at the first port provided, otherwise the ship-owner has the right to discharge the goods at any port provided. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EMP Rotterdam London Hamburg Genoa Marseilles Copenhagen Antwerp NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Partial Shipment Partial Shipment means shipping the commodity under one contract in more than one lot. 10-1 11-1 12-1 NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Notices: A presentation consisting of more than one set of transport documents evidencing shipment commencing on the same means of conveyance and for the same journey, provided they indicate the same destination, will not be regarded as covering a partial shipment, even if they indicate different dates of shipment or different ports of loading, places of taking in charge or dispatch. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Partial Shipment 按惯例：运输单据表面注明同一运输工具、同一航次、同一目的地的多次装运，即使其表面上注明不同的装运日期及/或不同的装运港、接 受监管地或发运地，将不视作分批装运。 10-1 11-1 12-1 大连 青岛 上海（目的港:旧金山） NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Transshipment Transshipment means a transfer and reloading during the course of carriage from one vessel to another, within the same mode of transport. Unless transshipment is prohibited by the terms of credit, it is allowed. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Transshipment Transshipment means a transfer and reloading during the course of carriage from one vessel to another, within the same mode of transport. Unless transshipment is prohibited by the terms of credit, it is allowed. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Lay time Days or Running Days Working Days Weather Working Days of 24 Hours Weather Working Days of 24 Consecutive Hours NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Demurrage A charge made by a shipping company or a port authority for failure to load or remove goods within the time allowed. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Dispatch An amount paid by a vessel's operator to a charterer if loading or unloading is completed in less time than stipulated in the charter agreement. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Demurrage and Dispatch Demurrage = Double Dispatch NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Major Shipping Documents Bill of Lading Other Documents: Consignment Note (for Rail and Road) Air Waybill Parcel Post Receipt Combined Transport Documents NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Bill of Lading A bill of lading is a transportation document which is issued by an ocean carrier to a shipper with whom the carrier has entered into a contract for the carriage of goods. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Purpose of B/L 1 Receipt for the goods 2 Evidence of the contract of carriage 3 Documents of title to the goods NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Bill of Lading Different Types of Bill of Lading Shipped (On Board) B/L and Received for Shipment B/L Clean B/L and unclean B/L Straight, blank and order B/L Direct, transshipment, through B/L Liner B/L, container B/L, and combined transport B/L Long form B/L and short form B/L On Deck B/L, stale B/L, ante-dated B/L and advanced B/L NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Shipped on Board B/L and Received for Shipment B/L “已装船提单“和 "备运提单" A shipped on Board B/L is evidence that the goods have been loaded on board a certain steamer. A received for shipment B/L is evidence given by the ship-owner that the goods have been received for shipment but have not yet been actually loaded on a particular ship. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Clean B/L and Unclean B/L “清洁提单”和“不清洁提单”。 A clean B/L shows that the goods have been shipped on board a vessel in apparent good order and condition.--- ”shipped in apparent good order and condition” Unclean B/L generally marked: “insufficiently packed” (包装不固) , “carton old and stained” (玷污的), “…packed in damaged condition”, etc. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Long Form B/L and Short Form B/L “全式提单”和 “略式或简式提单” A long form B/L: on the back of which all the detailed terms and conditions about the rights and obligations of the carrier and consignor are listed as an integral part of the bill. A short form B/L is a document which omits（省略）the terms and conditions on the back of the B/L. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Types of freight cars 1 Shed car 2 Open car 3 Flat car NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Consignment Note（for rail ） A consignment note is a document that defines what is contained within a shipment/delivery/consignment. The consignment note will be delivered with the cargo from the departure station to the consignee against payment. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Air Transport NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Air waybill Air waybill is the most important document for a batch of air freight goods. It is both a contract for transportation between a carrier and a shipper (or an agent for a shipper) and a receipt and delivery of the shipments. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Copies of Air waybill 1.  GREEN---Original 1—For Carrier 2. PINK----Original 2—For Consignee 3.  BLUE---Original 3—For Shipper 4.  WHITE---Remittance Copy 5.  WHITE---Invoice 6.  GOLDENROD----Delivery Receipt 7.  WHITE----For Destination Agent’s Copy 8-12 WHITE----Extra Copy NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Container Transport TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit L:5.899m W:2.353m H:2.388m V:33.131m3 W:23T FCL Full Container Load LCL Less than Container Load NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

International Multi-modal Transport International multimodal transport means the conveyance of cargo between two countries by at least two modes of transport from the place of dispatch to that of destination on the basis of a multimodal transport contract NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Basic Conditions of International Multimodal Transport Combined transport documents (联合运输单据) shall cover the whole journey Include two or more different modes of successive transportations (连贯运输) Shall be international transportation MTO (多式联运经营人) shall be responsible for the whole journey Use a single factor rate (全程单一运费费率) NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Other documents of transportation Sea waybill: is a receipt for the goods issued by the carrier. Consignment Note（for rail and road） Air Waybill NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Air waybill Air waybill is the most important document for a batch of air freight goods. It is both a contract for transportation between a carrier and a shipper (or an agent for a shipper) and a receipt and delivery of the shipments. NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Copies of Air waybill 1.  GREEN---Original 1—For Carrier 2. PINK----Original 2—For Consignee 3.  BLUE---Original 3—For Shipper 4.  WHITE---Remittance Copy 5.  WHITE---Invoice 6.  GOLDENROD----Delivery Receipt 7.  WHITE----For Destination Agent’s Copy 8-12 WHITE----Extra Copy NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

邮包收据（Parcel Post Receipt） 各种运输方式一览表 运输方式 送银行办理议付的运输凭证 签发人 海洋运输 海运提单（B/L） 船长或船公司 或其代理 铁 路 国际联运 铁路运单副本（第三联） 铁路始发站 港、澳 货物收据（Cargo Receipt） 外运公司 航空运输 航空运单（MAWB或HAWB） 民航公司或 外运 邮政运输 邮包收据（Parcel Post Receipt） 邮局 多式联运 多式联运单据（MTD）或 集装箱联运提单（CTB/L） 多式联运经营人 NORTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY