Chapter 10

Political Activity of the late 1800s: –Politicians did not address the problems caused by the rapid social and economic changes of the times. Government had a reputation for doing very little to ease growing problems. Most Americans viewed politics as a form of entertainment.

Party loyalty was generally determined by: 1.Class 2.Religious beliefs 3.Ethnic background 4.Civil War loyalties Political ideology was not very important.

In the late 1800s, public office holders tended to be concerned with: –1. Winning elections –2. Controlling patronage –3. Dispensing Jobs –4. Maintaining bases of support Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 – fill some Government jobs on the basis of competitive tests.

US Expansion in the 1800s What does this map show? During what time period were these land acquisitions made? How did the US acquire this land?Why? If the US wanted to further expand in 1900, where might it have sought new territory? This map shows US territorial expansion from

Expansion in the late 1800s was different: 1. Islands, rather than areas adjacent to existing U.S. territory. 2. Densely populated areas not suitable for massive new settlement. 3. Possessions that few Americans expected to become states. 4. An increasing importance on foreign trade 5. Creation of economic and military colonies overseas 6. Cultural superiority

The ablest and most effective apostle of imperialism was Alfred T. Mahan – urged government to build up American naval power U.S. acquires Hawaii: –1. Americans developed the sugar industry. –2. U.S. built a naval station there. –3. Americans staged a revolution to depose the Native Rulers. –4. Americans dominate Hawaiian economy.

Queen Liliuokalani

U.S. moves toward war with Spain: 1. U.S. tariff policy hurt Cuban economy making Cubans ready for Revolt. 2. American Press sensationalized stories about Revolt. 3. Cubans living in the U.S. popularized their side of the Revolt with the American People. 4. Press coverage stirred a fervor for war. 5. Sinking of U.S.S. Maine

President McKinley asks for a Declaration of War against Spain in Problems with U.S. War effort: –1. Shortage of Modern Rifles and Ammunition. –2. Heavy Cold-weather uniforms in a hot climate. –3. Inadequate medicine and food. –4. Poor Racial Relations in the U.S. Army.

William McKinley

American fleet victorious at Manila Bay, led by Commodore George Dewey - The Philippine- American War was actually more costly than the Spanish-American War. Led by Emilio Aguinaldo, the resistance wanted immediate independence

Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders- Roosevelt resigned as assistant secretary of the navy to help organize the Rough Riders.

On top of San Juan Hill

Most of the territory that the U.S. acquired in the 1890s was in the Pacific Ocean. By 1900, The United States had become a major world power.

Theodore Roosevelt –Speak softly and carry a big stick. –Roosevelt Corollary “preventative intervention”

Russo-Japanese War –Battle for ports in Manchuria –Roosevelt helped negotiate the peace treaty and won the Nobel Peace Prize

Gentleman’s Agreement –Japan –Roosevelt forced San Francisco to end segregation of Japanese schoolchildren –Emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States was limited