Earth Station: A Lunar Cruise Global ISS Marketing Future of Human Spaceflight A Lunar Cruise Michael Barrucco ASTE 527 Space Exploration Architectures Concept Synthesis Studio Team Project, Fall 2010, Astronautical Engineering Department, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California

Problem: Limit of Last Frontier to Government Agencies Government astronauts only ones to explore the last frontier regularly We can give the world public opportunity to tour the Earth like never before via ISS Proposed Solution The Ultimate Vacation Give private multi-national tourists the opportunity to visit the moon Extreme opportunity High inclination of ISS effects maneuver windows, not DV

Mission Architecture LOI Return Launch aboard a Soyuz/Kliper from Wallops, Baikonur, or Jiuquan Utilization of IRNCLAD Cis-Lunar vehicle pre-assembled at ISS Coast and Dock with ISS, high inclination no DV impact ISS Activities Consumables module Undock/TLI Coast LOI Return

Concept of Operations To the Sun 1. Launch from Wallops (US), Baikonur launch (Russia), Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (China) LOI~700 m/s To the Sun 2. Dock with ISS during sunrise 6. Coast for ~ 7 days View Starfields, and Heritage Sites 3. Coast for 2-3 days until next TLI opportunity 5. Trajectory correction ~80 m/s 4. TLI-3107 m/s

Cis-Lunar Cruise TEI Day 11 Moon re-aligned with ISS Orbital Plane z TEI Day 11 Moon re-aligned with ISS Orbital Plane LOI Day 4 Moon aligned with ISS orbit plane Moon at EOI 7 day cruise in orbit ISS Nodal Regression 5o per day TLI from ISS 2nd Cycle 2 Cis-Lunar Cruise

Training for the Vacation of a Lifetime! Train under guidance of International Commercial Astronaut Office G-Load training Safety Training Neutral Buoyancy Instrument training Launch simulations

The Launch, Coast, and Docking with ISS Lunar geometry matches ISS once every 10 days Each mission will be accompanied by a trained astronaut Launch From one of three sites Dock with ISS at night opportunity Coast, allow patrons to view night earth See sunrise over earth horizon

Aboard ISS, Earth as You have Never Seen Before! Tour given by astronauts aboard Tour of Earth from Cupola Zero-G exercising Communications Dining in Zero-G

Coasting to the Moon, the Solar System as you’ve never seen Trans-Lunar Injection, the ride of your life! Viewing Star fields Large scale view of the moon Injection into Polar Lunar Orbit 4-5 day transfer depending on launch epoch

Our closest neighbor, an in depth tour Lunar Orbit Insertion, 90 degrees 1000 km allows viewing of all sites on the moon! Observation of Heritage Sites Apollo 11 Lunakhod Surveyor View Craters, lunar farside View star fields from farside 7 days in orbit!

The Return Trip Earth rise View of the sun View of Mercury/Venus An earth without boundaries Re-dock with ISS and board return vehicle Reentry, the ride of your life!

Merits and Concerns Open up Space to citizens Safety! Radiation Incident training Etc. Large enough vehicle Comfort Return on Investment Maneuver windows Start-up capital Policy issues with ISS, ITAR Development timeline Business Case, cost

Future Studies Develop full window analysis Launch TLI TEI Design/Development Timelines ISS Policy studies Reentry capabilities, Landing at airports? Analysis of docking capabilities for Kliper Injection into elliptical lunar orbit, low perigee?

Conclusions Physics are feasible! Timeframe doable Orbit design maximizes experience, while minimizing parameters Opportunity to change the way space is explored Gives commercial customers the Opportunity to visit the heavens Element of Orbit Lunar Altitude 1000 KM Inclination 90 Degrees Time of Flight 5 Days DeltaV TLI 3107 m/sec DeltaV LOI 700 m/s

Resources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station Farquhar, R.W., and Dunham, D.W., "A New Trajectory Concept for Exploring the Earth's Geomagnetic Tail," Journal of Guidance and Control, Vol. 4, No. 2, March-April 1981, pp. 192- 196. http://ccar.colorado.edu/asen5519/cma/documents/ASPapercosIOK.pdf

Questions?