Westward Expansion and the American Industrial Revolution

Industrialization

8 Reasons for Industrialization Abundant Resources – coal, iron, steel, lumber, oil, copper Abundant Resources – coal, iron, steel, lumber, oil, copper National Market – more places to buy/sell; beg. Of dept. stores; mail order catalogues National Market – more places to buy/sell; beg. Of dept. stores; mail order catalogues Communication – telegraph, telephone, mail order catologues Communication – telegraph, telephone, mail order catologues Corporations – new business organization; put together lots of $ quickly; reduce risk; monopolies formed Corporations – new business organization; put together lots of $ quickly; reduce risk; monopolies formed

8 Reasons for Industrialization – cont’d Transportation – Railroads, roads, & canals built Transportation – Railroads, roads, & canals built Technology – new inventions: steel, light bulb, typewriter, locomotive Technology – new inventions: steel, light bulb, typewriter, locomotive Abundant Labor Supply – civil war vets, farmers leaving for cities, immigrants Abundant Labor Supply – civil war vets, farmers leaving for cities, immigrants Extension of Manufacturing – built factories closer to resources Extension of Manufacturing – built factories closer to resources

Reasons for Moving West 1. Railroad – expansion all over; easier to get west

2. Work for miners – rise of boomtowns brings peeps west; lawlessness

3. The Cattle Business – Go west to be a cowboy

Government Help Homestead Act – 1862: 160 acres to any head of household Homestead Act – 1862: 160 acres to any head of household Morrill Land Grant – 1862, 1890 – gave states fed land to finance Ag. Colleges Morrill Land Grant – 1862, 1890 – gave states fed land to finance Ag. Colleges Pacific Railway Act – 1862: provided Fed. subsidies in land & loans for construction of transcontinental RRs. Pacific Railway Act – 1862: provided Fed. subsidies in land & loans for construction of transcontinental RRs.

The Men and the Machines

Steel

Oil

Carnegie and Morgan 1900 – Carnegie sold all his steel interests to Morgan = US Steel The first US Billion $ Corp

John Rockefeller Standard Oil

The Inventors Thomas Edison – light bulb & other inventions Thomas Edison – light bulb & other inventions George Eastman – camera/photography George Eastman – camera/photography Charles Sholes – typewriter; adding machine Charles Sholes – typewriter; adding machine Swift & Armour – meat packing Swift & Armour – meat packing Alexander G. Bell – telephone; 1 million homes by 1900 Alexander G. Bell – telephone; 1 million homes by 1900 Charles Pillsbury – flour milling Charles Pillsbury – flour milling Vanderbilt – railroads; consolidation Vanderbilt – railroads; consolidation George Pullman – Railroad cars; Dining/sleeping cars George Pullman – Railroad cars; Dining/sleeping cars

Christopher Sholes and the Typewriter George Eastman and the Camera

Alexander Graham Bell Swift and Armour Charles Pillsbury

Cornelius Vanderbilt George Pullman and his cars

Corporations

Business Philosophies Social Darwinism vs. Gospel of Wealth

Poor Labor Conditions

American Labor Unions –N–N–N–National Labor Union –K–K–K–Knights of Labor –A–A–A–AFL

Union Goals “Bread & Butter Issues” Shorter hours Shorter hours Higher pay Higher pay Better conditions Better conditions Tactics Boycotts Boycotts Strikes Strikes Closed shop Closed shop

4 Major Strikes Great Railway Strike Great Railway Strike Haymarket Riot Haymarket Riot Homestead Strike Homestead Strike Pullman Strike Pullman Strike