Chapter 2 Topics: Elements and the Periodic Table Can you find the halogens? Alkali metals? Noble gases? Transition.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2 Topics: Elements and the Periodic Table Can you find the halogens? Alkali metals? Noble gases? Transition metals? Alkaline earth metals? Lanthanides and actinides? Metals? Nonmetals? Semimetals or metalloids? *Balancing Equations What coefficients balance this equation: Mg + Al 2 S 3 → Al + MgS *Types of Reactions Classify the reaction type above. *These two topics will be on the 2b Exam, not the 2a Exam!

ParticleChargeMassLocation Electron1/1800 Outside the nucleus Proton+11 Inside the nucleus Neutron01 + 1/1800Inside the nucleus Subatomic Particles!

Atomic number is the number of protons. This tells WHAT element it is! The number on the Periodic table is the ATOMIC WEIGHT. This is an average mass of all the ISOTOPES that occur in nature. Atomic mass or mass number is a WHOLE number that must be rounded from the number on the periodic table. It is the number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom of the element.

Isotope Notation! Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different MASSES. They have the same number of PROTONS, but different numbers of NEUTRONS. Isotopes of an element have the same physical and chemical properties. They only have different MASSES!

40 20 Ca How many protons? What is the atomic number? What is the mass number? How many neutrons? How many electrons? (Hint: All atoms must be neutral!) 21 Ne How many protons? How many neutrons? How many electrons? 19 9 X How many protons? How many neutrons? What element is this? An isotope of an element has 3 protons and 4 neutrons. Write its isotope notation. 20 protons, atomic number 20, mass number 40, 20 neutrons, 20 electrons 10 protons, 11 neutrons, 10 electrons 9 protons, 10 neutrons, Fluorine 7 3 Li

ATOMIC WEIGHT Lithium exists as two isotopes: lithium-7 and lithium-6 Lithium-7 has a mass of amu and makes up 92.58% of lithium Lithium-6 has a mass of amu and makes up 7.42% To calculate the average atomic mass of lithium, multiply the mass of each isotope by its abundance, then add these 2 values to each other What is the atomic weight of lithium (on the periodic table)? Which isotope is more abundant, lithium-6 or lithium-7?

Mass Defect There's actually one more reason why the mass isn't a whole number.... recall that the mass of a neutron isn't exactly 1 amu. And when protons and neutrons stick together to make a nucleus, a small amount of mass is converted to energy, making a very strong bond called strong nuclear force. E=mc 2

IONS* Atoms are neutral because they have the same number of protons and electrons. When an atom loses electrons it becomes a positively charged ion called a cation. When an atom gains electrons it becomes a negatively charged ion called an anion. *Ions will be on the 2b Exam *I*

39 K + How many protons does this isotope have? How many neutrons? How many electrons does this ion have? 16 O 2- How many protons does this isotope have? How many neutrons? How many electrons does this ion have? 19 protons, 20 neutrons, 18 electrons 8 protons, 8 neutrons, 10 electrons