Atoms and Elements.

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Presentation transcript:

Atoms and Elements

Structure of an Atom Charges Location in Atom Electron – negative Orbits Charges Electron – negative Proton – positive Neutron - neutral Location in Atom Electrons – in orbits Protons & Neutrons – in nucleus Nucleus

Elements Pure chemical substances made up of one type of atom Building blocks of matter Over 115 elements known - and more being discovered

Elements – Symbol / Name Symbol: one or two letter abbreviation Examples: Latin C Carbon Au Gold-aurum O Oxygen Lb Lead-plumbum Mg Magnesium K Potassium-kalium Br Bromine Na Sodium-natrium

Elements – Atomic Number DEFINES the element Atoms are neutral… so have same # electrons (-) as protons (+) ALL atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. All neutral atoms have no overall (net) charge, so … have the same number of electrons as protons BUT… they can have different numbers of neutrons These are called isotopes of carbon

Elements – Atomic Mass Calculated from Mass Number MASS NUMBER = mass of all particles in one atom (protons, neutrons and electrons) Measured in “atomic mass units” (amu)

Elements – Mass Number MASS NUMBER = mass of all particles in one atom (protons, neutrons and electrons) Mass of 1 proton = 1 amu Mass of 1 neutron = 1 amu Mass of 1 electron = really, really tiny! SO… mass number = # protons + # neutrons Carbon - 12 6 protons x 1 amu/proton = 6 amu 6 neutrons x 1 amu/neutron = 6 amu 6 electrons x really tiny mass = 0 amu TOTAL = 6 amu + 6 amu + 0 amu = 12 amu

Elements – Mass Number Helium - 4 Nitrogen - 14 Atomic Number = 2 (protons) 4 amu (p + n) Atomic Number = Mass Number = 7 (protons) 14 amu (p + n)

Pause for…. Practice and Review

Isotopes Different versions of the same element Same number of protons and electrons Different number of neutrons SO…. Mass number (# protons + # neutrons) is different Identified by writing mass number after element name ex: Carbon-12, Carbon-13

NOTE: Mass number is used to name isotope Isotopes… Explain why the atomic mass for Lithium (atomic number 3; with 3 protons) is 6.94 ! ! Lithium-6 - 3 protons, 3 neutrons - mass number = 6 - 7.5% of all lithium Lithium-7 - 3 protons, 4 neutrons - mass number = 7 - 92.5 % of all lithium NOTE: Mass number is used to name isotope

Isotopes and Atomic Mass Why the atomic mass for Lithium (atomic number 3; with 3 protons) = 6.94… Calculation: Weighted Average (info. only): 7.5 % Lithium-6 at 6 amu 92.5 % Lithium-7 at 7 amu (0.075 x 6 amu) + (0.925 x 7 amu) = (0.45 amu) + (6.48 amu) = 6.93 amu

Elements – Atomic Mass The atomic mass of an element is calculated by doing a weighted average of the mass numbers of all naturally existing isotopes. If you round the atomic mass of an element to the nearest whole number, you get the mass number of the most common isotope. 7.0

Elements – Symbol / Name Same # protons, different # neutrons Atomic Mass “Average” for all carbon Calculated from mass numbers of isotopes On the periodic table Mass Number Calculated for each individual isotope Used to name the isotope Averaged together to represent all carbon All have same # protons

Elements - SUMMARY

Structure of an Atom Outside the nucleus electron Electron nucleus Atomic mass 0 Charge (-) nucleus (containing protons and neutrons)

Structure of an Atom Electrons are arranged in orbits Orbit 1 holds

Structure of an Atom Nucleus – the center of an atom contains… Protons Atomic mass 1 Charge (+) Neutrons Charge none

Symbols Either 1 or 2 letters symbols First letter Capital, second lower case Some based on Latin name Example Latin C Carbon Au Gold-aurum O Oxygen Lb Lead-plumbum Mg Magnesium K Potassium-kalium Br Bromine Na Sodium-natrium

The Periodic Table Elements are arranged by size and chemical properties. Rows Period Size Columns Group Properties

Properties Properties are related to atomics structure. The number of electrons in the outer most orbit (valence electrons) determine how an atom will behave in chemical reactions.