Soil Origin and Development Chapter 2 Soil Origin and Development T2-1 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Objectives Define a soil body List examples of five soil-forming factors Describe how soils develop Describe the horizons of a soil profile T2-2 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Terms to Know Glacial till Hydrolysis Igneous rock Illuviation Lacustrine Leaching Levee Loess Marine sediment Master horizon Metamorphic rock Alluvial fan Alluvial soil Chemical weathering Colluvium Delta Eluviation Eolian deposit Floodplains Frost wedging Glacial drift Glacial outwash (continued) T2-3 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Terms to Know Mineral soil Organic soil Oxidation-reduction Parent material Pedology Pedon Physical weathering Plow layer Polypedon Residual soil River terrace Root wedging Sedimentary rock Soil genesis Soil horizon Soil profile Solum Solution Subsoil Talus Topsoil Transported soil Weathering T2-4 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E The Soil Body Figure 2-1 T2-5 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Rocks and Minerals Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock T2-6 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Rocks and Minerals Figure 2-4 T2-7 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Igneous Rock Figure 2-5 T2-8 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Metamorphic Rock Figure 2-6 T2-9 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Parent Material Figure 2-8 T2-10 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Parent Material Glacial ice Wind Water Gravity Volcanic deposits Organic deposits Figure 2-9 Figure 2-11 T2-11 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Climate Figure 2-13 T2-12 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Organisms Figure 2-14 T2-13 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Topography Influences soil development mainly by affecting water movement T2-14 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Time Soils change over time due to aging process Humans T2-15 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E The Soil Profile Master horizons Subdivisions of master horizons Figure 2-19 T2-16 Soil Science & Management, 4E

Soil Science & Management, 4E Summary Soils form from minerals broken up by action of weathering, plant roots, and the addition of decaying plant parts Five factors govern soil development: - Parent material - Climate - Life - Topography - Time T2-17 Soil Science & Management, 4E