Friday, May 22 (A day) Tuesday, May 26 th (B day) Science Review Earth Science

Review Where do rocks come from? How many different types of rock exist? Can rocks change, and if so, how?

Guided notes review sheet… Today we will review : The Rock Cycle Soil and soil horizons Stewardship Soil Conservation

Part 1: Video and worksheet Use the information in the video to complete your worksheet You will be filling in the names for each of the boxes Listen carefully!

Remember … For any rock to change into another rock, it must undergo change. These changes could include: Weathering and erosion Heat and pressure Compaction Melting

Part 2: Guided Notes Soil How much of Earth's crust contains usable soil? 3.125%

Write in Notebook The process of soil formation takes 100,000’s of years

Write in notebook Soil = broken down weathered rock Soil: mixes with surface materials

Soil is a mixture of… Sediments (weathered rock particles) largest amount Humus (decomposed organic matter from plants and animals) Minerals (building blocks of rocks) Bacteria and fungi (decomposers) Water Air

Soils are different due to the parent rock Parent rock: original rock from which soil was formed

Soil texture: Sand (largest particle size, feels gritty) Silt (medium particle size, feels smooth or floury) Clay (smallest particle size, feels sticky)

Soil Horizons (layers) A horizon: topsoil (surface layer); high in humus (organics) and insoluble minerals B horizon: subsoil, high in soluble minerals and clay, lower in organics C horizon: larger rock fragments on top of parent rock (bedrock) A horizon is the most fertile!!!!

Stewardship of the Earth The practice of managing, monitoring, or looking after the Earth for future generations

Natural Resources Nonrenewable resources: resources (coal, oil, natural gas) that are used and never replaced Renewable resources: resources that are reformed naturally over periods of time

Pedosphere The zone where soils are found and where new soils are being formed

Human Activities…. Have impacted the Pedosphere by removing or disturbing the Earth’s natural vegetative cover (trees, grasses, plants) This includes: 1. The Dust Bowl2. Deforestation 3. Overgrazing 4. Industrialization 5. Farming 6. Soil as a vector

The Dust Bowl… Dirty Thirties (1930’s) a period of severe drought and dust storms Native grasses were removed for farmland then s evere droughts and high winds created massive dust storms

Deforestation Trees cut down leaving soil left exposed (easily eroded or blown away)

Overgrazing W hen plants are eaten by animals without time for plants to re-grow.

industrialization A country / society changing from an agricultural (farming) society to a manufacturing and industry based society

Agricultural activities R educes soil fertility (vitamins and nutrients) and native vegetation, increases erosion

Soil can carry diseases… Soil as a vector Soils fertilized with human and animal waste which can transmit disease and infect crops (people can get sick)

Remote Sensing Satellites in space used to look at the Earth’s surface Takes pictures of the Earth Shows how Earth’s surface has changed due to humans Information used to protect, preserve, and predict future changes

Soil Conservation the management of soil to prevent its destruction

2 main purposes of Soil Conservation 1. Prevent and reduce erosion (hold the soil in place) 2. Maintain and improve soil fertility (vitamins and nutrients in soils)

Soil Conservation Techniques Contour Plowing Conservation Tillage Terracing Crop Rotation

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