Evaluation of Rashtriya Sam Vikas Yojna (RSVY) AMS Consulting (P) Limited

To assist the policy makers in drawing useful lessons for designing future programs. Aim of the Study

Specific Objective To evaluate the financial & physical progress of the schemes under the program To study the role of people & people's organizations in planning, implementation and monitoring of the schemes under the program To assess the status of achievement of the objectives of the program, that is, to assess the extent of benefits accrued to the target groups/areas To analyze the effectiveness of the administrative & implementing systems for drawing lessons to design future schemes

Broad Framework of the Study Planning Relevance to the needs of the people Involvement of people’s organizations Implementation Efficiency of implementation Quality of works done / services provided Involvement of people’s organizations Outcome Program achievements / benefits accrued Impact of the program Sustainability of the assets created / works done / new initiatives

Sample Selection

Contd… 11 States 15 Districts 30 Blocks (10% of the blocks in each district, subject to a minimum of 2 blocks) Study States & Districts already identified by the Planning Commission

Sample Selection Sampling of Blocks —  Based on the amount of RSVY expenditure (Due care was taken to ensure that the two sample blocks were not contiguous) Sampling of Works —  In each block, 10% of the various works from all the major sectors Contd…

Primary Data —  IDIs with State, district & block-level officials  IDIs with Line Departments  IDIs with PRIs/NGOs  FGDs/Interviewing of beneficiaries Data Collection Secondary Data —  District Perspective Plans (DPPs)  Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs)  Other relevant records Contd…

Data Collection Field Observations —  In each block, 10% of the various works from all the major sectors for ascertaining physical status and quality

Major Findings

Key Parameters  Planning  Implementation  Monitoring  Maintenance of Assets  Impact : Utility

Planning — Guidelines  PRIs, NGOs and Self Help Groups at every stage of Planning, implementation and monitoring (Para-4.2.4)  SWOT analysis & benchmark survey by expert agency (Para-1.2)  Identify a few lead sectors (3 to 4) for RSVY interventions (Para-1.2 & 6.4.5)  Efforts should be made to concentrate on the poorer pockets within the districts (Para ) Contd…

Planning — Findings  Instead of bottom-up, usual top-down approach followed in most districts  Most interventions proposed by Line Departments  Little or no community involvement in 10 out 15 districts (In Bastar, Banswara, Palakkad, Dindori and Mon, block-level workshops were organized for identifying the gaps/needs) Contd…

Planning — Findings Contd…  Benchmark survey conducted by 5 out of 15 districts  SWOT analysis in 11 out of 15 district  Specialist agency/consultant for DPP in only 5 out of 15 districts  Inequitable allocation of RSVY funds

Reusa Behta Palha Gondlamau Rampur Mathura % Net Irrigated Area Kasmanda Sakran Machhrehta Sidhauli Pisawan Block-wise Status vis-à-vis RSVY Funds Received for Improving Irrigation District Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh % RSVY Fund for Improving Irrigation Contd…

Block-wise Status vis-à-vis RSVY Funds Received for Improving Rural Connectivity Reusa Behta Palha Gondlamau Rampur Mathura Machhrehta Kasmanda Pisawan Sakran % Road Connectivity Sidhauli % RSVY Fund for Rural Connectivity District Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh Contd…

Planning — Findings  Major deviations observed between the planned and actual expenditure in two- third of the districts, indicating lack of proper planning  Out of 15, only 5 districts (Mon, Warangal, Pallakad, Mayurbhanj and Dangs) could actually adhere to their DPPs Contd…

Adherence to Original DPPs Warangal Mon Contd…

Major Deviations from Original DPPs Sitapur Bastar Contd…

Agency-wise Expenditure of RSVY Funds Implementation Others:U.P. Projects Corporation, U.P. Samaj Kalyan Nirman Nigam, Municipal Corporations, etc. Contd…

DistrictLine Depts.BlocksNGOsOthers Warangal81%1%17%1% Bastar72%23%5%1% Chamba71%27%1% Dangs76%3%21%0% Chatra87%4% 5% Lohardaga77%10%13%0% Saraikela73%27%0% Palakkad88%3%2%7% Dindori84%14%3%0% Mon100%0% Ganjam83%12%5%0% Mayurbhanj84%16%0% Banswara28%61%11%0% Chandauli97%0% 3% Sitapur65%0% 35% Overall79%13%5%3% Agency-wise Expenditure of RSVY Funds Contd…

Sector-wise Utilization of RSVY Funds Contd… Agriculture (40%) Physical Infrastructure (29%) Social Infrastructure (24%) Addressing Unemployment (7%)

Sector-wise Utilization of RSVY Funds District Improving Agriculture Addressing Unemployment Social Infrastructure Physical Infrastructure Banswara65%1%18%15% Bastar25%13%21%42% Chamba27%8%27%38% Chandauli41%2%19%39% Chatra58%5%6%30% Dangs54%34%6%5% Dindori34%1%40%25% Ganjam27%2%36%35% Lohardaga48%14%3%34% Mayurbhanj12%2%42%44% Mon19%7%31%42% Palakkad77%4%19%0% Saraikela64%0%17%19% Sitapur15%5%35%45% Warangal25%8%40%28% Overall40%7%24%29% Contd…

Physical & Financial Achievement DistrictPhysical ProgressFinancial Progress Banswara 98%99% Bastar 98%93% Chamba 83%96% Chandauli 97%77% Chatra 97%94% Dangs 100%90% Dindori 98% Ganjam 96%98% Lohardaga 100% Mayurbhanj 96% Mon 100% Palakkad 100%99% Saraikela 100% Sitapur 100 %98% Warangal 87%89% Overall 97 %95% Contd…

Monitoring  Nigrani Samitis in the villages Jharkhand :  Village Level Committees for rural areas (Meetings conducted once every 2 months)  Town Level Committees for town areas (Meetings conducted once every 2 months) Nagaland :  Contrary to guidelines, little or no community involvement in most of the states; No system of social audit

Monitoring Major Constraints : Limited staff & simultaneous implementation of many schemes  Reportedly periodic review meetings & field visits at State and districts  Lack of clearly defined monitoring norms in terms of category of works & designated officials and frequency in most states  Convenience Monitoring ! “Strict monitoring schedule should be a part of the implementation process itself‘” (Para-6.6.1)

Sustainability/Maintenance  In most states, maintenance of durable assets with Line Department  Village panchayat/user group to maintain community-based assets (wells, lift irrigation schemes, community centers, etc.) Major Constraints : Lack of funds resulting in poor maintenance, leading to sub-optimal utilization of assets created “In case of the community assets, future maintenance is to be built into the program” (Para )

Impact of RSVY Interventions  Increased agriculture productivity  Improved economic status  Improved health conditions  Improved rural connectivity  Improved quality of life

Overall Utility of RSVY Interventions

RSVY Works : Overall Utility Index Overall Utility Very Good=4 Good=3 So-So=2 Poor=1 Very Poor=0 5-Point Scale Weighted Average Points Overall Index (Out of 100) Weighted by Share in Total Expenditure Contd… (As Perceived by the Targeted Beneficiaries)