Chapter 7: The Microscope and Cell Theory

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 7: The Microscope and Cell Theory

Try these websites for fun! http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/ http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/cell/cell_game.htm

Cell Theory Then Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork. Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. Cells are the smallest “living” unit All cells came from previously existing cells. Now

2 main types of cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Lack membrane enclosed organelles Lack a nucleus Only Unicellular Bacteria Eukaryotic Have membrane bound organelles Have a nucleus Can be unicellular or multicellular Plant and Animal Cells 10 Times Larger than Prokaryote Cells.

What each cell has: Prokaryote Eukaryote DNA Plasma Membrane Ribosomes Cell Wall Cytoplasm Cilia/flagella Eukaryote Nucleus w/ DNA Plasma membrane Ribosomes Cell wall (plant) Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Large vacuole (plant) Chloroplast (plant) Lysosome (animal) Cilia/flagella (animal)

Microscopes In the 1600’s the first microscope was invented. Microscopes magnify objects Two main types of microscopes Compound light microscope Multiply lenses to find out magnification Magnifies about 1500 times Electron microscope Uses a beam of electrons to magnify structures Up to 500,000 times magnified!!!! Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Microscope parts eye piece tube nosepiece arm 10x objective stage 100x objective stage clips rough adjustment diaphragm fine adjustment Light/mirror base

Plasma (cell) Membrane Physical & chemical boundary of all cells A double layer called the phospholipid bilayer. It is selectively permeable (semipermeable) meaning only certain things are let in and out Gate-keeper of cell

Function of Proteins in Membrane Transport Proteins- move large things in and out of cell

Ribosomes Sites of protein synthesis Proteins are the main product produced by the cell Not considered a membrane-bound organelle so they are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Nucleus Control center of cell (controls all cellular activites) Contains DNA Contains nucleolus where ribosomes are made

Nucleolus Located inside of the nucleus Contains RNA and proteins Makes ribosomes

Nuclear membrane/ Nuclear envelope The double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum Transport system of cell (transports materials) Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER) for lipid synthesis and storage

Golgi Apparatus Involved in packaging and secretion of proteins The cellular post office Also called golgi body

Mitochondria Where energy for the cell is made (ATP) Site of cellular respiration Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP)

Lysosomes Found in animal cells Digest and recycle worn out cell parts Destroy foreign invaders

Plant cell only Large vacuoles for storage of water and sugars Cell wall made of cellulose for support and protection Chloroplasts Where photosynthesis happens (glucose is made from water, CO2, & sunlight) Give green color

Two organelles have their own DNA Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own DNA because they were probably once free-living bacteria that were “eaten” by a larger cell and instead of being digested, they became part of that cell as an organelle

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