WELCOME TO CIGRE MEMBERS POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

OPERATING THE SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW REGIONAL GRIDS IN INDIA – QUICK FACTS SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID – AN OVERVIEW TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST PRESENT CONDITIONS & CARDINAL EVENTS SR ULDC – FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS … 400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES

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REGIONAL GRIDS IN INDIA QUICK FACTS 400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES

REGIONAL GRIDS INSTALLED CAPACITY TOTAL 115,344 MW NORTHERN :- 31,307 MW EASTERN :- 16,140 MW SOUTHERN :- 32,779 MW WESTERN :- 32,761 MW NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW TOTAL 115,344 MW NORTHERN REGION NORTH-EASTERN REGION EASTERN REGION WESTERNREGION SOUTHERN REGION

SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNREGION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH-EASTERN REGION ‘ ELECTRICAL’ REGIONS 1 2 3 TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003 ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART

‘ELECTRICAL’ REGIONS NORTHERN REGION 1 NORTH-EASTERN REGION EASTERN REGION WESTERNREGION TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ 2 SOUTHERN REGION WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS

Growth of Installed Capacity for Electricity in India ALL FIGURES IN MW

Inter Regional Links Present IR Capacity = 9,500 MW 1650 MW 700 MW 2357 16,140 1200 MW 32,761 MW 1200MW Present IR Capacity = 9,500 MW 32,779 MW 2000MW

Source wise composition of installed capacity in India (1,15,344 in 2005)

SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID OVERVIEW 400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES

SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY ANDHRA PRADESH TAMIL NADU KARNATAKA KERALA POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA) AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA) INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 32,779 MW(28.2%) WEATHER :- South-west monsoon North-east monsoon SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ

SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICS KARNATAKA INSTALLED CAPACITY – 6122 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 5445 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 112 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 90 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -26%, DOM-19%, COMM-7%, IRRI-39% & OTHERS-9% ANDHRA PRADESH INSTALLED CAPACITY – 8487 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 7547 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 166 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 142 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -27%, DOM-22%, COMM-5%, IRRI-39% & OTHERS-7% KERALA INSTALLED CAPACITY – 2280 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 2426 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 39 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 34 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -34%, DOM-44%, COMM-13%, IRRI-2%& OTHERS-7% TAMIL NADU INSTALLED CAPACITY – 6579 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 7560 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 155 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 131 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -39%, DOM-25%, COMM-7%, IRRI-24% & OTHERS-5% TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ

SR STATES – GEOGRAPHY ALL INDIA KARNATAKA ANDHRA PRADESH KERALA POPULATION :- 5.3 CRORES AREA :- 192 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 105 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 642 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COFFEE & RAGI CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID ANDHRA PRADESH POPULATION :- 7.6 CRORES AREA :- 275 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 162 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 719 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- RICE CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID KERALA POPULATION :- 3.2 CRORES AREA :- 39 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 61 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 386 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COCONUT & SPICES CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HUMID ALL INDIA TAMIL NADU POPULATION :- 6.2 CRORES AREA :- 130 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 152 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 866 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- SUGAR CANE & OIL SEEDS CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ

GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW Average Growth ~ 5 %

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR AGENCY HYDRO THERMAL GAS/DIESEL WIND/OTHERS NUCLEAR TOTAL ANDHRA PRADESH 3586 2963 272 2 --- 6823 KARNATAKA 3332 1470 128 5 4934 KERALA 1831 234 2067 TAMILNADU 1987 2970 423 19 5399 PONDICHERRY 33 CENTRAL SECTOR 8090 360 830 9280 IPP 278 387 2506 1071 4243 11014 (34%) 15880 (48%) 3956 (12%) 1099 (3%) 830 (3%) 32779 (100%) The above capacity does not includes --- About 1344 MW of Wind Mill Capacity in Tamil Nadu. --- Micro and Captive plants in different states.

SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW NUCLEAR OTHERS WIND HYDRO GAS THERMAL 32,779 MW

GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL THERMAL (500 MW) 2 8 10 THERMAL (200-250 MW) 7 13 15 45 GAS/THERMAL (100-150 MW) 9 3 24 HYDRO (>50 MW) 27 29 16 87 48 38 19 165 A.P TYPICAL GENERATOR SPREAD IN SR KAR - HYDRO - THERMAL KER TN GENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW - GAS / NAPTHA GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW - NUCLEAR GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW

TYPICAL LOAD SPREAD IN SR LOAD 500-1500 MW LOAD 200-500 MW

400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR 8 4 2 14 5 9 1 6 20 33 AP KAR KER TN   POWERGRID STATE OTHERS TOTAL AP 8 4 2 14 KAR 5 9 KER 1 TN 6 20 33 KALPAKKA RAMAGUNDAM 1 GAZUWAKA SIMHADRI P HYDERABAD KHAMMAM P P P MAMIDIPALLY P VIJAYAWADA RAICHUR P NAGARJUNASAGAR MUNIRABAD SRI SAILAM P KURNOOL P GOOTY CUDDAPAH 60 DAVANAGERE P NELLORE HIRIYUR NELAMANGALA TALAGUPPA BANGALORE P KOLAR HOODY MADRAS P -- OF POWERGRID HOSUR -- OF NTPC NEYVELI TPS I (EXP) 63 SALEM -- OF ANDHRA PRADESH P NEYVELI -- OF KARNATAKA UDUMALPET P TRICHY -- OF NLC TRICHUR P P P MADURAI TRIVENDRUM

TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIA VOLTAGE LEVEL AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL 400 KV 2042 1614   9850 13506 220/230 KV 10050 7590 2650 6270 366 26926 132/110 KV 12360 6060 3720 10220 32360 24452 15264 6370 16490 10216 71404 ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS

MONSOONS SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST MONSOON

TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR SUMMER EVENING PEAK WINTER MONSOON WEATHER RESERVOIR CONSUMPTION

TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST 400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES

GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST LOW / HIGH FREQUENCY PROBLEMS FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW/HIGH VALUES LOW / HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION CRITICALLY LOW VOLTAGES AT LOAD CENTRES SUBSTANTIALLY HIGH VOLTAGES AT FAR ENDS SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS SEPERATION OF SYSTEMS / LOSS OF LOAD ECONOMIC IN-STABILITY / INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES UNRELIABLE / INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT ...THE END RESULT :

GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK POWER SWINGS INSTABILITY INCREASED LOSSES BLACK-OUT IN-ECONOMIC OPERATION VOLTAGE COLLAPSE

PRESENT CONDITIONS & CARDINAL EVENTS 400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES

FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE 2002-03, 2003-04 & 2004-05   <49.0 49.0 & <50.5 50.5 & Above Max Min Avg FVI 2004-05 0.13 98.70 0.17 50.90 48.62 49.85 0.83 2003-04 2.30 97.30 0.44 51.17 48.18 49.69 1.95 2002-03 49.48 48.51 2.01 51.37 47.69 48.95 18.86 FVI 2004-05 2002-03 2003-04

FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF SOUTHERN REGION FOR PAST FIVE YEARS FREQUENCY (Hz) % OF TIME WHEN FREQUECY WAS BETWEEN AVERAG FVI MAXIMUM MINIMUM AVERAGE < 48.5 HZ 48.5 TO 49.0 HZ 49.0 TO 49.5 HZ 49.5 TO 50.0 HZ 50.0 TO 50.5 HZ > 50.5 HZ 00 – 01 51.56 47.76 48.67 53.79 17.68 13.63 12.26 2.64 --- 01 – 02 51.44 47.72 48.52 68.08 9.96 6.48 11.39 4.10 29.71 02 – 03 51.37 47.69 48.95 39.31 10.17 14.48 23.93 10.10 2.01 18.86 03 – 04 51.17 48.18 49.69 0.10 2.20 22.03 63.00 12.23 0.44 1.95 04 - 05 50.90 48.62 49.85 0.00 0.13 8.49 63.81 27.40 0.17 0.83

BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY 2003 2004 BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES REALITY BITE: FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!. EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED! 2002

VOLTAGE PROFILE OF SOUTHERN REGION FOR PAST FIVE YEARS RAMAGUNDAM HYDERABAD CUDDAPHA BANGALORE MADRAS TRISSUR NEYVELI II MAX MIN 2000-01 397 385 396 377 361 379 333 386 354 400 363 392 374 2001-02 405 394 409 388 404 366 345 399 369 406 382 2002-03 407 412 403 367 398 376 391 2003-04 402 411 415 417 414 2004-05 416 410 423 418

IR EXCHANGES

SHARP PEAK DEEP VALLEY DEEP VALLEY

SOUTHERN REGION LOSS* 0.5% REDUCTION MEANS 100 CR ANNUAL SAVINGS 6510   2002 2003 2004** 2005** LOAD (MW) LOSS % AP 6510 408 6.27 5983 264 4.41 7234 311 4.30 7557 279 3.69 KARNATAKA 4078 265 6.50 4609 237 5.14 5158 228 4.42 5285 183 3.46 KERALA 1928 82 4.25 2227 101 4.54 2479 86 3.47 2453 66 2.69 TAMILNADU 6135 224 3.65 6888 240 3.48 7421 198 2.67 7522 216 2.87 PONDICHERRY 215 0.00 CGS 472 684 538 121 SOUTHERN REGION 19123 979 5.12 20391 842 4.13 22830 823 3.6 23153 744 3.21 *Source : Report of System Studies conducted for Accessing Shunt Compensation requirement in Southern Region – March 2004 and March 2005 - SREB ,CEA ** Projected figures 0.5% REDUCTION MEANS 100 CR ANNUAL SAVINGS

MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES IN SR SINCE 1994 NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ,NAGJHARI ETC

GRID PRESENT STATUS -- CARDINAL EVENTS AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME GENERATION CAPCITY ADDITION INTERREGIONAL AC / HVDC LINKS OPERATIONAL EXELLANCE ...THESE EVENTS CHANGED THE FACE OF GRID OPERATION

FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004 FVI = 0.04 Avg Freq = 49.99Hz 10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2 FVI = ------------------------------- 24 * 60