Methodology v v Type of research v v Design v v Data gathering procedures v v Data analysis procedures v v Population v v Sample and sampling

Type of Research u u Descriptive u u Experimental u u Historical u u Qualitative

Design 4 4 Surveys 4 4 Interrelationships studies 4 4 Developmental studies 4 4 Experimental studies

Surveys H H School surveys H H Job analysis H H Documentary analysis H H Public opinion surveys H H Community surveys

Interrelationship Studies D D Case studies D D Causal comparative studies D D Correlational studies

Developmental Studies v v Growth studies v v Trend studies v v Model or system development

Experimental Studies 4 4 Pre-experimental designs 4 4 True experimental designs 4 4 Quasi-experimental designs

Data Gathering Procedures u u Instrument development u u Instrument description u u Validity u u Reliability

Data Analysis Procedures 4 4 Level of measurement 4 4 Statistical procedures

Level of Measurement F F Nominal F F Ordinal F F Interval F F Ratio

Statistical Procedures 4 4 Descriptive 4 4 Inferential

Population

Sample and Sampling u u Random u u Stratification u u Proportional u u Clusters u u Systematic u u Purposive