The Theory of Evolution: A Theory based upon the similarities and differences of life-forms alive and extinct

When Did Evolution begin? The answer is in these questions… How has the Earth changed from the past to the present? What has caused the changes? Will the changes in the Earth ever cease to happen?

Proof the Earth has Changed: Land formations have changed Earth’s Climate has changed Life was once only found in marine environment Dinosaurs were in the past dominant form of life on land; Today mammals are

Causes of Earth Changes Land Changes caused by Plate Tectonic Forces Climate Changes caused by Drifting Continents, Volcanoes, Outer Space Events Life from sea to land caused by Dropping Sea levels and Ozone layer allow for live to go on land Mass Extincions caused by Space Impact/ ASTEROIDS & COMETS

What is Evolution? A change in an organism throughout time. Success = existence Failure = extinction

Things organisms must do to survive 1.Must be successful each day 2.Acquire Energy/Feed as needed 3.Exchange gases/ Respire as needed 4.Reproduce / Breed to pass on DNA 5.Structure / Body Plan no injury or flaw 6.Mobility / Ability to move

What causes Evolution? Evolution is caused by the idea of Natural Section Natural Selection is survival of the fittest Only strongest organisms will be left to reproduce; others will die before being able to reproduce This process causes the organism to EVOLVE over time

4 Major Forces of Natural Selection (4 Factors of Evolution) 1.Environmental Factors 2.Disease Resistance 3.Competition for Food 4.Predator Influence

Evolutionary Success: Lionfish

What creates Evolution? Variations within a species: some variations good: aid survival some bad: early death

What is a Variation? A change in the appearance or behavior of one organism to another of the same species If positive, allows for greater survivability for the organism: THIS IS CALLED AN ADAPTATION

IS this a Variation or Adaptation?

EXAMPLES of ADAPTATIONS Webbed Feet on duck Coloration to environment Waxy coating on leaves poison INABILITY TO ADAPT TO CHANGE LEADS TO EXTINCTION

3 Types or Patterns of Evolution: 1. Divergent Evolution share common ancestor but look totally different today Hoofed animals and whales/dolphins

Types of Evolution 2. Convergent Evolution Share totally different ancestor but look similar today dolphin and shark

Types of Evolution 3. Parallel Evolution- related animals evolve in same way for long period of time related animals evolve in same way for long period of time deer and antelope

Evolutionary Question????? Is it possible for an organism / life form to successfully do all the aforementioned items and still be threatened with the possibility of extinction??????

Evolution Proposed by Charles Darwin: Studied and collected thousands of life- forms during 5 year journey most famous for his observations on the Galapagos Islands studied and observed 14 different kinds of finches on the islands found one dominant type on each island; each one was different

Charles Darwin: Reflection of his Observations Studied findings on finches and other life-forms for 20 years from his studies wrote book entitled The Origin of the Species in Was not well received; went against religious beliefs Was not well received; went against religious beliefs revolutionized modern scientific thought

Charles Darwin: The Finches 14 different versions of finches existed on Galapagos Islands Usually only 1-2 types of finch located on an island major difference between finches was beak size; shape beaks were deciding tool in success failure of birds to survive beaks were primary tool for food

Charles Darwin: Reflection of his Observations Studied findings on finches and other life-forms for 20 years from his studies wrote book entitled The Origin of the Species in Was not well received; went against religious beliefs Was not well received; went against religious beliefs revolutionized modern scientific thought

Charles Darwin: 4 Main Points of Book 1.All organisms produce more offspring than can survive 2.Variations exist in all populations of species 3.Some variations are better than others; more beneficial for survival 4.Overtime offspring of more successful organisms will make up the population of species

Charles Darwin: The Outcome Book basically states that Natural Forces are primary reasons for a species evolving; not divine powers Evolution, therefore continually is happening Variations acted upon by Natural Selection Forces (En, Dis, CF & Pred) Variations are caused by numerous factors most likely of which are mutations in an organisms DNA, that then are passed on (modern genetics) Variations are caused by numerous factors most likely of which are mutations in an organisms DNA, that then are passed on (modern genetics)