THE AVENGERS Measuring Atmospheric Ozone 1 of 25

General The primary goal of the ITO sensor project is to measure the concentration of Ozone (O 3 ) as a function of altitude. The concentration of these gases will specify the current situation of ozone depletion. These measurements will be compared to past measurements made by other payloads. 2 of 25

Science The measurement from the sensor is done as the function of physical quantities as the sensor might function in a different way depending on the altitude, temperature, humidity and pressure. The obtained measurements are compared with various experiments showing the precise concentration of Ozone. Different halogens, such as Flourine, Chlorine, and Iodine have been used to accelerate this process. 3 of 25

Technical The concentration of Ozone is calculated as the function of voltage produced across the sensor. As the resistance in the ITO sensor varies with the concentration of these gases, different voltages are produced with the same amount of input current in the circuit board. The Real Time Clock will be utilized as a counter and a timestamp will be printed for each measurement so that it can be related by time to altitude. 4 of 25

System Design 6 of 25

Electrical Design and Development Sensors/Sensor Interfacing Control Electronics Power Supply Power Budget 5 of 25

Sensors/Sensor Interfacing 7 of 25

Control Electronics BalloonSAT 8 of 25

Nichrome Heater 9 of 25

Power Supply 10 of 25

Power Budget 11 of 25

Software Design Data Format and Storage Flight Software Software Development Plan 12 of 25

Data Format and Storage BalloonSat EEPROM will store all data collected on flight (Yellow Circle) BasicStamp EEPROM stores addresses for flight software (Red Circle) 13 of 25

Flight Software Read “original address” from BasicStamp EEPROM Add counter to data –1 byte Read RTC –3 bytes Read all 4 ITO sensors –4 bytes Store all data from reading Store current address in BasicStamp EEPROM Repeat loop until current address equals the original address –( current_address = original_address) –LED flashes once per second 14 of 25

Software Development Plan Prototyping Software –Software must run without glitches –Software must successfully record correct data from input sensors Data must be saved in a way that it will not be overwritten –Once software is completely functional, it will be optimized –Software will be uploaded to Excel, so it must be formatted Prototyping Hardware –Electronics and Mechanical aspects should work with software –Temperature and Pressure Tests Flowcharts –As the code is written and refined, flowcharts will be updated 15 of 25

Thermal Design ITO Sensors must maintain temperatures between 24 and 30 degrees Celsius Nichrome 22.3 ohms/m Requires approximately 2.5W 16 of 25

Mechanical Design A hollow regular hexagonal prismA hollow regular hexagonal prism FOAMULAR Insulating SheathingFOAMULAR Insulating Sheathing External Design: Each side of the base = 94 mmEach side of the base = 94 mm The height of the prism = 193 mmThe height of the prism = 193 mm 51mm X 49mm rectangular hole for the ITO sensor51mm X 49mm rectangular hole for the ITO sensor The ITO sensor attached from the inner walls; minimal area of the ITO sensor is exposedThe ITO sensor attached from the inner walls; minimal area of the ITO sensor is exposed The external design of ITO sensor payload (in m) 17 of 25

Internal Design: Rectangular- shaped foam (thickness = 18 mm) bisects the internal payload in two –Batteries, ITO sensor and Nichrome heater –BalloonSAT Two chambers have different temperatures Nichrome wire attached to the back of the sensor with thermal paste Internal Divider with BalloonSAT (in m) 18 of 25

a) Side where ITO sensor is attached (in m) b) Side where ITO sensor is attached with ITO sensor (in m) 19 of 25

Weight Budget: Balloon payload should be less that 500 g Density of The FOAMULAR Insulating Sheathing =.029 g/ cm 3 S.N. ComponentsWeight (gram)Clearance (g) 1.BalloonSAT60.4+/- 5 2.FOAMULAR Insulating Sheathing115+/ Power Supply (Battery)178.8+/ ITO sensor and PCB6.1+/- 2 5.Components for Sensor Interface35*+/ Mass of cable for ITO sensor Nichrome Wire and thermal paste Tape, Glue and other structure 17 3* 20* +/- 3 +/- 2 +/-5 Total:435.3+/- 77 * Approximated within 0.1g 20 of 25

Calibrations 21 of 25

Ground Software Save into text file Use Microsoft Excel Algorithms pre-programmed 22 of 25

Risk Management 23 of 25

Looking Ahead Flight Readiness Review (FRR): 5/4/2010 Liftoff! (Palestine): 5/25/ of 25

Special Thanks 25 of 25